Umbhobho we-API vs Umbhobho we-3PE

Kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zobunjineli ezifana neoyile, igesi yendalo, kunye nobonelelo lwamanzi kamasipala, iipayipi zisebenza njengesiseko senkqubo yothutho, kwaye ukhetho lwazo lumisela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko, uqoqosho, kunye nokuqina kweprojekthi. Ipayipi ye-API kunye nepayipi ye-3PE, iimveliso ezimbini zepayipi ezisetyenziswa kakhulu, zihlala zibekwa phambili ngamaqela obunjineli. Nangona kunjalo, zahlukile kakhulu kwimigangatho yoyilo, iimpawu zokusebenza, kunye neemeko ezifanelekileyo. Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo iimpawu zazo kubalulekile ekuphuculeni umgangatho weprojekthi.

Inkcazo kunye neMicimbi yeSicelo esiPhambili

Umbhobho we-API, ofinyeziweyo "i-American Petroleum Institute Standard Steel Pipe," wenziwa ngokwemigangatho yamazwe ngamazwe efana naleUmbhobho wentsimbi we-API 5LYakhiwe ngentsimbi enamandla kakhulu kwaye yenziwe ngeenkqubo zokuqengqeleka okanye zokuwelda ezingenamthungo. Amandla ayo aphambili akwimeko yayo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namandla okutsalwa, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isetyenziswe kakhulu kwizicelo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ezifana nemibhobho yeoyile negesi ekude kunye nee-manifolds ze-shale gas wellhead. Uzinzo lwayo kwisimo sobushushu obuphezulu ukusuka kwi--40°C ukuya kwi-120°C luyenza ibe yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yothutho lwamandla.

Umbhobho we-3PE umele "umbhobho wentsimbi we-polyethylene onamaleko amathathu ochasene nokugqwala." Usebenzisa umbhobho wentsimbi oqhelekileyo njengesiseko, ogqunywe ngesakhiwo esinamaleko amathathu ochasene nokugqwala esiquka i-epoxy powder coating (FBE), i-adhesive, kunye ne-polyethylene. Uyilo lwayo oluphambili lugxile ekukhuseleni ukugqwala, lwandisa kakhulu ubomi benkonzo yombhobho ngokwahlula iintsholongwane zomhlaba kunye nee-electrolytes kwisiseko sombhobho wentsimbi. Kwiindawo ezingcolisa kakhulu ezifana nokunikezelwa kwamanzi kamasipala, unyango lwelindle, kunye nokuthuthwa kolwelo lweekhemikhali, umbhobho we-3PE unokufikelela kubomi benkonzo obungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-50, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ube sisisombululo esiqinisekisiweyo sokulwa nokugqwala ekwakheni umbhobho ongaphantsi komhlaba.

Uthelekiso lweNtsebenzo oluPhambili

Ngokwembono yokusebenza okuphambili, le mibhobho mibini yahlukile ngokucacileyo kwindawo yayo. Ngokweempawu zoomatshini, umbhobho we-API ngokubanzi unamandla okukhupha ngaphezulu kwe-355 MPa, kunye namanqanaba athile anamandla aphezulu (afanaI-API 5L X80) ifikelela kwi-555 MPa, ekwaziyo ukumelana noxinzelelo lokusebenza olungaphezulu kwe-10 MPa. Kwelinye icala, umbhobho we-3PE uxhomekeke kakhulu kumbhobho wentsimbi osisiseko ukuze uqine, kwaye umaleko wokulwa nokugqwala ngokwawo awunawo amandla okuthwala uxinzelelo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ufaneleke ngakumbi ekuthuthweni koxinzelelo oluphakathi noluphantsi (ngesiqhelo i-≤4 MPa).

Iipayipi ze-3PE zinenzuzo enkulu ekumelaneni nokugqwala. Ulwakhiwo lwazo olunemigangatho emithathu ludala umqobo ophindwe kabini "wokwahlulwa ngokwasemzimbeni + ukhuseleko lweekhemikhali." Uvavanyo lokutshiza ngetyuwa lubonisa ukuba izinga lazo lokugqwala liyi-1/50 kuphela kunelepayipi eqhelekileyo yentsimbi engenanto.Imibhobho ye-APIzinokukhuseleka ekungcoleni ngokusebenzisa i-galvanizing kunye nokupeyinta, ukusebenza kwazo kwiindawo ezingcwatyelweyo okanye ezingaphantsi kwamanzi kusengaphantsi kuneepayipi ze-3PE, nto leyo efuna iinkqubo zokhuseleko lwe-cathodic ezongezelelweyo, nto leyo eyonyusa iindleko zeprojekthi.

Amaqhinga okukhetha kunye neendlela zoshishino

Ukukhethwa kweprojekthi kufuneka kuhambelane nomgaqo "wokufaneleka kweemeko": Ukuba indawo yokuhambisa i-oyile okanye igesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu, okanye indawo yokusebenza ifumana utshintsho olukhulu kubushushu, iipayipi ze-API ziyakhethwa, kunye neeklasi zentsimbi ezifana ne-X65 kunye ne-X80 ezihambelana nomgangatho woxinzelelo. Kwindlela yokuthuthwa kwamanzi amdaka okanye amachiza angcwatyiweyo, iipayipi ze-3PE ziyindlela engabizi kakhulu, kwaye ubukhulu bomaleko wokulwa nokugqwala kufuneka buhlengahlengiswe ngokwenqanaba lokugqwala komhlaba.

Umkhwa wangoku kushishino ubhekiselele "ekuhlanganisweni kokusebenza." Ezinye iinkampani zidibanisa izinto ezisisiseko ezinamandla aphezulu zombhobho we-API kunye nesakhiwo esichasene nokugqwala esineengqimba ezintathu zombhobho we-3PE ukuze kuphuhliswe "umbhobho odibeneyo onamandla aphezulu wokulwa nokugqwala." Ezi mbhobho ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zothumelo oluphezulu kunye nokukhuselwa kokugqwala kwexesha elide. Ezi mbhobho sele zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwimveliso yeoyile kunye negesi yolwandle olujulileyo kunye neeprojekthi zokuphambuka kwamanzi phakathi kwezitya. Le ndlela intsha ibonelela ngesisombululo esingcono sobunjineli bombhobho.