Umbhobho we-APIidlala indima ebalulekileyo kulwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza kwamashishini amandla afana ne-oyile negesi. I-American Petroleum Institute (API) iseke uluhlu lwemigangatho engqongqo elawula yonke inkalo yepayipi ye-API, ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya kwisicelo, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wayo kunye nokhuseleko.

Imfumba yeepayipi zensimbi ze-API 5L zibekwe kakuhle kunye, kunye neemodeli eziphathekayo eziphawulwe kwiibhobho, ezibonisa umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuthembeka.

Umbhobho we-API 5LImiGangatho yesiQinisekiso

Isiqinisekiso sepayipi yensimbi ye-API siqinisekisa ukuba abavelisi bahlala bevelisa iimveliso ezihambelana neenkcukacha ze-API. Ukufumana i-API monogram, iinkampani kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezininzi. Okokuqala, kufuneka babe nenkqubo yokulawula umgangatho oye wasebenza ngokuzinzile ubuncinane kwiinyanga ezine kwaye uhambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-API Specification Q1. I-API Specification Q1, njengomgangatho ophambili wolawulo lomgangatho weshishini, ayifezekisi kuphela uninzi lweemfuno ze-ISO 9001 kodwa ikwabandakanya amalungiselelo athile alungiselelwe iimfuno ezizodwa zeshishini leoli negesi. Okwesibini, iinkampani kufuneka zichaze ngokucacileyo kwaye ngokuchanekileyo inkqubo yazo yolawulo lomgangatho kwincwadana yazo yomgangatho, egubungela yonke imfuno ye-API Specification Q1. Ngaphaya koko, iinkampani kufuneka zibe nezakhono zobugcisa ezifunekayo zokuqinisekisa ukuba ziyakwazi ukwenza iimveliso ezihambelana neenkcukacha zemveliso ye-API. Ngaphaya koko, iinkampani kufuneka ziqhube rhoqo uphicotho lwangaphakathi nolawulo ngokuhambelana ne-API Specification Q1, kwaye zigcine amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha zenkqubo yophicotho kunye neziphumo. Ngokuphathelele ukucaciswa kwemveliso, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bagcine ubuncinci ikopi enye yoguqulelo olusemthethweni lwesiNgesi lwamva nje lwe-API Q1 yenkcazelo ye-API Q1 kunye neenkcukacha zemveliso ye-API yelayisenisi abayenzela isicelo. Iimpawu zemveliso kufuneka zipapashwe yi-API kwaye ifumaneke nge-API okanye umthengisi ogunyazisiweyo. Ukuguqulelwa okungagunyaziswanga kopapasho lwe-API ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo ye-API kuthetha ukophulwa kwelungelo lokushicilela.

Izinto eziqhelekileyo ze-API Steel Pipe

Izinto ezintathu eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa umbhobho we-API yi-A53, i-A106, kunye ne-X42 (ibakala lensimbi eqhelekileyo kwi-API 5L standard). Bahluke kakhulu ekubunjweni kweekhemikhali, iipropathi zoomatshini, kunye neemeko zesicelo, njengoko kubonisiwe kwitheyibhile engezantsi:

Uhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo	Imigangatho	Iimpawu zokuBunjwa kweMichiza	iiPropati zoomatshini (Amaxabiso aQhelekileyo)	IiNdawo zeSicelo eziPhambili
Umbhobho wentsimbi we-A53	I-ASTM A53	I-Carbon steel ihlukaniswe ngamabakala amabini, i-A kunye ne-B. IBanga A linomxholo wekhabhoni ≤0.25% kunye nomxholo we-manganese we-0.30-0.60%; IBakala B linomxholo wekhabhoni ≤0.30% kunye nomxholo we-manganese we-0.60-1.05%. Ayinaziqalelo zomxube.	Amandla eSivuno: IBanga A ≥250 MPa, iBanga B ≥290 MPa; Amandla okuqina: iBanga A ≥415 MPa, iBanga B ≥485 MPa	Ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi oxinzelelo oluphantsi (njengamanzi kunye negesi) kunye nemibhobho yolwakhiwo jikelele, ilungele iindawo ezingonakali.
Umbhobho weNtsimbi we-A106	I-ASTM A106	I-high-temperature carbon steel ihlukaniswe ngamabakala amathathu, A, B, kunye no-C. Umxholo wekhabhoni wanda ngebakala (iBakala A ≤0.27%, iBakala C ≤0.35%). Umxholo we-manganese ngu-0.29-1.06%, kwaye umxholo wesulfure kunye ne-phosphorus zilawulwa ngokungqongqo.	Amandla eSivuno: iBanga A ≥240 MPa, iBanga B ≥275 MPa, iBanga C ≥310 MPa; Amandla Okuqina: Zonke ≥415 MPa	Imibhobho yobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nemibhobho yokucoca ioyile, ekufuneka imelane namaqondo obushushu aphezulu (ngokuqhelekileyo ≤ 425 ° C).
X42 (API 5L)	I-API 5L (uMgangatho weSimbi weMibhobho yoMda)	I-alloy ephantsi, insimbi ephezulu inomxholo wekhabhoni ≤0.26% kwaye iqulethe izinto ezifana ne-manganese kunye ne-silicon. Izinto ze-Microalloying ezifana ne-niobium kunye ne-vanadium ngamanye amaxesha zongezwa ukuqinisa amandla kunye nokuqina.	Amandla eSivuno ≥290 MPa; Amandla e-Tensile 415-565 MPa; Ukuqina kweMpembelelo (-10°C) ≥40 J	Umgama omde weoli kunye nemibhobho yegesi yendalo, ngakumbi ezo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ukuthutha umgama omde, unokumelana neendawo ezinzima ezifana noxinzelelo lomhlaba kunye nokushisa okuphantsi.

Inqaku elongezelelweyo:
I-A53 kunye ne-A106 zezenkqubo eqhelekileyo ye-ASTM. Eyangaphambili igxininise ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi kumaqondo obushushu begumbi, ngelixa lo mva ugxininisa ukusebenza kobushushu obuphezulu.
X42, eyeyeAPI 5L umbhobho yentsimbiumgangatho, wenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuthuthwa kweoli kunye negesi, ugxininisa ukuqina kobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokumelana nokukhathala. Yinto engundoqo kwimibhobho yomgama omde.

Ukhetho kufuneka lusekelwe kuvavanyo olubanzi loxinzelelo, ubushushu, ukubola okuphakathi, kunye nokusingqongileyo kweprojekthi. Umzekelo, i-X42 ikhethwa kwi-oyile yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nokuthuthwa kwegesi, ngelixa i-A106 ikhethwa kwiinkqubo zobushushu obuphezulu.