Umbhobho we-APIidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwakhiweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwamashishini amandla afana neoyile negesi. I-American Petroleum Institute (API) imisele uthotho lwemigangatho engqongqo elawula yonke into yombhobho we-API, ukusuka kwimveliso ukuya ekusetyenzisweni, ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokhuseleko lwayo.

Inqwaba yeepayipi zentsimbi ze-API 5L zibekwe kakuhle kunye, kunye neemodeli zezinto ezithile eziphawulwe kwiipayipi, ezibonisa umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuthembeka.

Umbhobho we-API 5LImigangatho yeSatifikethi

Isiqinisekiso sepayipi yentsimbi ye-API siqinisekisa ukuba abavelisi bavelisa iimveliso ezihambelana nemigaqo ye-API rhoqo. Ukuze bafumane i-monogram ye-API, iinkampani kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno ezininzi. Okokuqala, kufuneka babe nenkqubo yolawulo lomgangatho ebisebenza ngokuzinzileyo ubuncinane iinyanga ezine kwaye ihambelana ngokupheleleyo ne-API Specification Q1. I-API Specification Q1, njengomgangatho ophambili wolawulo lomgangatho kushishino, ayihlangabezani nje kuphela neemfuno ezininzi ze-ISO 9001 kodwa ikwabandakanya nemigaqo ethile eyenzelwe iimfuno ezizodwa zoshishino lweoyile negesi. Okwesibini, iinkampani kufuneka zichaze ngokucacileyo nangokuchanekileyo inkqubo yazo yolawulo lomgangatho kwincwadi yazo yemigaqo, egubungela yonke imfuneko ye-API Specification Q1. Ngaphezu koko, iinkampani kufuneka zibe nezakhono zobugcisa ezifunekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zinokwenza iimveliso ezihambelana nemigaqo yemveliso ye-API efanelekileyo. Ngaphezu koko, iinkampani kufuneka zenze uphicotho lwangaphakathi nolawulo rhoqo ngokuhambelana ne-API Specification Q1, kwaye zigcine amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha zenkqubo yophicotho kunye neziphumo. Ngokuphathelele iinkcukacha zemveliso, abafaki-zicelo kufuneka bagcine ubuncinane ikopi enye yenguqulelo yamva nje esemthethweni yesiNgesi yenkcazo ye-API Q1 kunye neenkcukacha zemveliso ye-API yelayisensi abayifake isicelo. Iinkcukacha zemveliso kufuneka zipapashwe yi-API kwaye zifumaneke nge-API okanye umsasazi ogunyazisiweyo. Uguqulelo olungagunyaziswanga lweempapasho ze-API ngaphandle kwemvume ebhaliweyo ye-API lukwaphula umthetho welungelo lokushicilela.

Izinto eziqhelekileyo zePipe yeNsimbi ye-API

Izinto ezintathu eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswa kumbhobho we-API yi-A53, A106, kunye ne-X42 (udidi oluqhelekileyo lwentsimbi kumgangatho we-API 5L). Zahluke kakhulu kwimilo yeekhemikhali, iimpawu zoomatshini, kunye neemeko zokusetyenziswa, njengoko kubonisiwe kwitheyibhile engezantsi:

Uhlobo lwezinto	Imigangatho	Iimpawu zoBume beeKhemikhali	Iipropati zoomatshini (Amaxabiso aqhelekileyo)	Iindawo eziphambili zokusetyenziswa
Umbhobho wentsimbi i-A53	I-ASTM A53	Intsimbi yekhabhoni yahlulwe yaba ziiklasi ezimbini, u-A no-B. Udidi A lunomxholo wekhabhoni ongu-≤0.25% kunye nomxholo we-manganese ongu-0.30-0.60%; Udidi B lunomxholo wekhabhoni ongu-≤0.30% kunye nomxholo we-manganese ongu-0.60-1.05%. Ayinazo izinto ezidibanisa i-alloying.	Amandla okuvelisa: Udidi A ≥250 MPa, Udidi B ≥290 MPa; Amandla okuThamba: Udidi A ≥415 MPa, Udidi B ≥485 MPa	Ukuthuthwa kolwelo oluphantsi koxinzelelo (njengamanzi negesi) kunye nemibhobho ngokubanzi yesakhiwo, efanelekileyo kwiindawo ezingonakalisiyo.
Umbhobho wentsimbi we-A106	I-ASTM A106	Intsimbi yekhabhoni enobushushu obuphezulu yahlulwe yangamanqanaba amathathu, u-A, u-B, kunye no-C. Umxholo wekhabhoni uyanda ngokwamanqanaba (iBanga A ≤0.27%, iBanga C ≤0.35%). Umxholo we-manganese yi-0.29-1.06%, kwaye umxholo wesalfure kunye ne-phosphorus ulawulwa ngokungqongqo.	Amandla okuKhula: Ibanga A ≥240 MPa, Ibanga B ≥275 MPa, Ibanga C ≥310 MPa; Amandla okuThamba: Zonke ≥415 MPa	Iipayipi zomphunga ezinobushushu obuphezulu nezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neepayipi zokucoca ioyile, ekufuneka zimelane nobushushu obuphezulu (ngesiqhelo ≤ 425°C).
I-X42 (i-API 5L)	I-API 5L (Umgangatho weNsimbi yePipeline yoMgca)	Intsimbi enamandla aphantsi, enamandla aphezulu, inomxholo wekhabhoni oyi-≤0.26% kwaye iqulethe izinto ezifana ne-manganese kunye ne-silicon. Izinto ezisebenzisa i-microalloying ezifana ne-niobium kunye ne-vanadium ngamanye amaxesha zongezwa ukuze zomeleze amandla kunye nokuqina.	Amandla okuvelisa ≥290 MPa; Amandla okuThamba 415-565 MPa; Ukuqina kwempembelelo (-10°C) ≥40 J	Iipayipi zeoyile nezegesi zendalo ezihamba umgama omde, ingakumbi ezo zokuthutha ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu nolude, zinokumelana neemeko ezinzima ezifana noxinzelelo lomhlaba kunye namaqondo obushushu aphantsi.

Inqaku elongezelelweyo:
I-A53 kunye ne-A106 zezenkqubo esemgangathweni ye-ASTM. Eyokuqala igxile ekusetyenzisweni ngokubanzi kumaqondo obushushu egumbi, ngelixa eyesibini igxininisa ukusebenza kwamaqondo obushushu aphezulu.
I-X42, eyiyeye-Umbhobho wentsimbi we-API 5Lumgangatho, yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuthuthwa kweoyile negesi, igxininisa ukuqina kobushushu obuphantsi kunye nokumelana nokudinwa. Yinto ephambili kwimibhobho ehamba umgama omde.

Ukukhetha kufuneka kusekelwe kuvavanyo olupheleleyo loxinzelelo, ubushushu, ukubola okuphakathi, kunye nendawo yeprojekthi. Umzekelo, i-X42 ikhethwa xa kuthuthwa ioyile negesi ngoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ngelixa i-A106 ikhethwa xa kuthuthwa umphunga ngobushushu obuphezulu.