Kwimibhobho yoshishino kunye nosetyenziso lwezakhiwo,imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungobakwisikhundla esiphezulu ngenxa yeenzuzo zabo ezizodwa. Ukwahlukana kwabo kwimibhobho edibeneyo kunye neempawu zabo zendalo zizinto eziphambili ekukhetheni umbhobho ochanekileyo.
Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo ibonelela ngezibonelelo ezibalulekileyo ezingundoqo kwimibhobho edityanisiweyo. Imibhobho edityanisiweyo yenziwe ngokudibanisa iipleyiti zetsimbi kunye, okukhokelela kwi-weld seams. Oku ngokwemvelo kunciphisa ukunyanzeliswa koxinzelelo kwaye kunokukhokelela ekuvuzeni phantsi kobushushu obuphezulu kunye neemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu ngenxa yoxinzelelo loxinzelelo kwi-seams. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imibhobho yensimbi engenamthungo, yenziwe ngenkqubo yokwenza umqulu omnye, ukuphelisa nayiphi na i-seams. Bangakwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo okushisa, okwenza ukuba bathembeke ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifana nokuthuthwa kweoli kunye negesi kunye ne-boilers yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngaphaya koko, imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo inika ukufana okukhulu kodonga, isusa ukuguquguquka kobungakanani bodonga lwasekhaya olubangelwa kukuwelda, ukuphucula uzinzo lwesakhiwo, kunye nokubonelela ukomelela komhlwa. Ubomi babo benkonzo ngokuqhelekileyo bungaphezulu kwama-30% ubude kunemibhobho edityanisiweyo.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo ingqongqo kwaye inzima, ikakhulu ibandakanya ukuqengqeleka okushushu kunye nomzobo obandayo. Inkqubo eshushu yokuqengqeleka ifudumeza ibhilethi yentsimbi eyomeleleyo ukuya kutsho malunga ne-1200°C, emva koko iqengqeleke ngombhobho wokugqobhoza ibe ityhubhu enomngxuma. Umbhobho ke udlula kwindawo yokusila ukulungisa i-diameter kunye ne-mill yokunciphisa ukulawula ubukhulu bodonga. Ekugqibeleni, ipholiswa, ilungiswe, ize ibonwe iziphene. Inkqubo yokudweba ebandayo isebenzisa ityhubhu eshushu-eshushu njengempahla ekrwada. Emva kokukhetha ukususa isikali se-oxide, sitsalwa kwimilo usebenzisa ilitye lokusila elibandayo. I-Anealing ke iyafuneka ukuphelisa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, kulandelwa kukugqiba kunye nokuhlolwa. Kwezi nkqubo zimbini, iityhubhu ezishushu zilungele iidayamitha ezinkulu kunye neendonga ezityebileyo, ngelixa iibhubhu ezitsalwa ngokubanda ziluncedo kakhulu kwiidamitha ezincinci kunye nezicelo ezichanekileyo.
Imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo ibandakanya amabakala akumgangatho wasekhaya nawamazwe ngamazwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo.
Izinto zasekhaya ikakhulu yintsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi yealloy:
Intsimbi ye-20 #, eyona isetyenziswa kakhulu kwikhabhoni yentsimbi, inikezela ngeplastiki egqwesileyo kunye nokukhululeka kokulungiswa, okwenza ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimibhobho jikelele.
I-45 # intsimbi inika amandla aphezulu kwaye ifanelekile kumacandelo okwakhiwa koomatshini. Phakathi kwemibhobho yensimbi ye-alloy, i-15CrMo yensimbi iyamelana nobushushu obuphezulu kunye nokunyuka, okwenza kube yinto engundoqo kwiibhoyila zezityalo zamandla.
I-304 yentsimbi engenamthungo umbhobho, ngenxa yokumelana nokugqwesa kwayo okugqwesileyo, ithandwa kakhulu kumzi mveliso wemichiza kunye nokutya.
Iimathiriyeli ezisemgangathweni wamazwe ngamazwe nazo zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi:
Ngokomgangatho we-ASTM wase-US,A106-B carbon steel umbhobho umthungolukhetho oluqhelekileyo lokuthuthwa kweoli kunye negesi yendalo. Amandla ayo okuqina afikelela kwi-415-550 MPa kwaye inokumelana namaqondo obushushu okusebenza ukusuka kwi-29°C ukuya kuma-454°C.
Umbhobho we-alloy we-A335-P91, ngenxa yokwakheka kwe-alloy ye-chromium-molybdenum-vanadium, inika amandla aphezulu obushushu obuphezulu kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, okwenza ukuba isetyenziswe ngokuqhelekileyo kwimibhobho yomphunga ephambili yeebhoyila zezityalo zamandla aphezulu.
Ngokomgangatho we-EN yaseYurophu, i-P235GH carbon steel evela kwi-EN 10216-2 i-series ifanelekile kwi-boilers ephakathi kunye nephantsi kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo.
Umbhobho we-alloy we-P92 wodlula i-P91 ngamandla okunyamezela ubushushu obuphezulu kwaye lolona khetho lukhethwayo kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zamandla obushushu. I-JIS-standard STPG370 carbon pipe inikezela ngeendleko eziphezulu kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwimibhobho yoshishino jikelele.
SUS316L umbhobho wentsimbi, esekelwe kwi-304 yensimbi engenasici, yongeza i-molybdenum ukuze ikhulise kakhulu ukuchasana kwayo ne-chloride ion corrosion, eyenza ifaneleke ubunjineli baselwandle kunye ne-acid acid kunye ne-alkali yokuthutha.
Ngokumalunga nemilinganiselo, imibhobho yensimbi engenamthungo iphuma kwi-diameter yangaphandle ukusuka kwi-10mm ukuya kwi-630mm, kunye nobukhulu bodonga ukusuka kwi-1mm ukuya kwi-70mm.
Kubunjineli obuqhelekileyo, iidayamitha zangaphandle ze-15mm ukuya kwi-108mm kunye nobukhulu bodonga lwe-2mm ukuya kwi-10mm zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo.
Ngokomzekelo, iibhobho ezinobubanzi obungaphandle be-25mm kunye nobukhulu bodonga lwe-3mm zihlala zisetyenziselwa kwiinkqubo ze-hydraulic, ngelixa iibhobho ezinobubanzi obungaphandle be-89mm kunye nobukhulu bodonga lwe-6mm zilungele ukuthutha i-chemical media.
Okokuqala, qinisekisa ukuqinisekiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo. Ngokomzekelo, amandla emveliso ye-20 # yentsimbi kufuneka angabi ngaphantsi kwe-245 MPa, kwaye amandla emveliso ye-ASTM A106-B kufuneka ibe yi-≥240 MPa.
Okwesibini, hlola umgangatho wembonakalo. Umphezulu kufuneka ungabinaziphene ezifana neentanda kunye nokugotywa, kwaye ukutenxa kobukhulu bodonga kufuneka kulawulwe ngaphakathi kwe-±10%.
Ngaphezu koko, khetha iimveliso ezineenkqubo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezisekelwe kwimeko yesicelo. Iibhobho ezishushu ezishushu kunye ne-alloys ezifana ne-A335-P91 zikhethwa kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ngelixa iipayipi ezibandayo zinconywa ukuba zisetyenziswe ngokuchanekileyo. I-SUS316L imibhobho yensimbi engenasici iyacetyiswa kwiindawo zaselwandle okanye ezinobungozi obuphezulu.
Okokugqibela, cela ukuba umboneleli abonelele ngengxelo yokubhaqa isiphene, egxile ekuchongeni iziphene ezifihlakeleyo zangaphakathi ukuphepha imiba yobulunga enokuchaphazela ukhuseleko lweprojekthi.
Oku kuqukumbela ingxoxo yalo mba. Ukuba ungathanda ukufunda ngakumbi malunga nemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo, nceda uqhagamshelane nathi ngeendlela ezilandelayo kwaye iqela lethu lokuthengisa elichwephesha liya kukuvuyela ukukunceda.
IQELA LABHORA
Idilesi
Indawo yoshishino yophuhliso lweKangsheng,
Isithili saseWuqing, isixeko saseTianjin, eTshayina.
Iiyure
UMvulo-NgeCawa: Inkonzo yeeyure ezingama-24
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-04-2025