Kwimisebenzi yemibhobho yemizi-mveliso kunye nezakhiwo,imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungoZinesikhundla esiphambili ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo ezikhethekileyo. Umahluko wazo kwiipayipi ezidityanisiweyo kunye neempawu zazo zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekukhetheni umbhobho ofanelekileyo.
Iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zibonelela ngeengenelo ezibalulekileyo kuneepayipi ezidityanisiweyo. Iipayipi ezidityanisiweyo zenziwa ngokuhlanganisa iipleyiti zentsimbi kunye, nto leyo ebangela ukuba kubekho imithungo yokudityanisiweyo. Oku kunciphisa ukumelana kwazo noxinzelelo kwaye kunokukhokelela ekuvuzeni phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu ngenxa yoxinzelelo oluphezulu kwiimthungo. Iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo, kwelinye icala, zenziwa ngenkqubo yokwenza umqukumbelo omnye, zisusa nayiphi na imithungo. Zinokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye namaqondo obushushu aphezulu, nto leyo ezenza zithembeke ngakumbi kwizicelo ezifana nokuthuthwa kweoyile negesi kunye neebhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngaphezu koko, iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo zibonelela ngokufana kobukhulu bodonga, zisusa umahluko wobukhulu bodonga oluhlala kwindawo ethile olubangelwa kukudityaniselwa, ukuphucula uzinzo lwesakhiwo, kunye nokubonelela ngokumelana nokugqwala okuphuculweyo. Ubomi bazo benkonzo ngokubanzi bungaphezulu kwama-30% kuneepayipi ezidityanisiweyo.
Inkqubo yokuvelisa imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo inzima kwaye iyinkimbinkimbi, ikakhulu ibandakanya ukuqengqeleka okushushu kunye nokutsalwa okubandayo. Inkqubo yokuqengqeleka okushushu ifudumeza i-billet yentsimbi eqinileyo ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1200°C, ize iyiqengqele ngesixhobo sokugrumba iye kwityhubhu engenanto. Emva koko ityhubhu idlula kwisixhobo sokugrumba ubungakanani ukuze ilungise ububanzi kunye nesixhobo sokugrumba esinciphisayo ukulawula ubukhulu bodonga. Ekugqibeleni, iphola, ilungiswe, kwaye ifumaneke iziphene. Inkqubo yokutsala okubandayo isebenzisa ityhubhu eqengqelekayo eshushu njengezinto eziluhlaza. Emva kokuyikha ukuze kususwe isikali se-oxide, itsalwa ibe yimo kusetyenziswa isixhobo sokutsala esibandayo. Emva koko kufuneka i-Annealing ukuze kususwe uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, kulandele ukugqitywa kunye nokuhlolwa. Kwezi nkqubo zimbini, iityhubhu eziqengqelekayo ezishushu zifanelekile kwiidayamitha ezinkulu kunye neendonga ezixineneyo, ngelixa iityhubhu ezirhuqwayo ezibandayo ziluncedo ngakumbi kwiidayamitha ezincinci kunye nokusetyenziswa okuchanekileyo okuphezulu.
Iipayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo ziquka zombini iiklasi ezisemgangathweni zasekhaya nezamazwe ngamazwe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo.
Izinto ezisetyenziswa ekhaya ikakhulu ziintsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi ye-alloy:
Intsimbi engama-20#, eyona ntsimbi yekhabhoni isetyenziswa kakhulu, inika iplastiki egqwesileyo kunye nokulula kokuyicubungula, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isetyenziswe kakhulu kwiipayipi eziqhelekileyo.
Intsimbi ye-45# inika amandla aphezulu kwaye ifanelekile kwizinto zokwakha zoomatshini. Phakathi kwemibhobho yentsimbi ye-alloy, intsimbi ye-15CrMo iyamelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu kunye nokuqhekeka, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ibe yinto ephambili kwiibhoyila zezityalo zamandla.
Umbhobho ongenamthungo wentsimbi engagqwali engu-304, ngenxa yokumelana kwawo nokugqwala okugqwesileyo, uthandwa kakhulu kumashishini eekhemikhali kunye nokulungisa ukutya.
Izixhobo ezisemgangathweni zamazwe ngamazwe nazo zisetyenziswa kakhulu:
Ngokwemigangatho ye-ASTM yase-US,Umbhobho ongenamthungo wentsimbi yekhabhoni ye-A106-Blukhetho oluqhelekileyo lokuthuthwa kweoyile kunye negesi yendalo. Amandla ayo okutsalwa afikelela kwi-415-550 MPa kwaye inokumelana namaqondo obushushu okusebenza ukusuka kwi--29°C ukuya kwi-454°C.
Umbhobho we-alloy we-A335-P91, ngenxa yokwakheka kwawo kwe-chromium-molybdenum-vanadium alloy, unika amandla aphezulu obushushu kunye nokumelana ne-oxidation, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isetyenziswe kakhulu kwimibhobho ephambili yomphunga yeebhoyila zesityalo samandla esibaluleke kakhulu.
Ngokwemigangatho ye-EN yaseYurophu, intsimbi yekhabhoni ye-P235GH evela kuthotho lwe-EN 10216-2 ifanelekile kwiibhoyila ezinoxinzelelo oluphakathi noluphantsi kunye neenqanawa zoxinzelelo.
Umbhobho we-alloy we-P92 udlula i-P91 ngamandla okunyamezela obushushu obuphezulu kwaye lukhetho olukhethwayo kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu zamandla obushushu. Umbhobho wekhabhoni we-STPG370 oqhelekileyo we-JIS unika ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko kwaye usetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipayipi zemizi-mveliso ngokubanzi.
Umbhobho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo ye-SUS316L, esekelwe kwintsimbi engagqwali engama-304, yongeza i-molybdenum ukuze yonyuse kakhulu ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kwe-chloride ion, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kubunjineli bolwandle kunye nokuthuthwa kwe-asidi yamakhemikhali kunye ne-alkali.
Ngokuphathelele ubukhulu, imibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo ihluka ngobukhulu obungaphandle ukusuka kwi-10mm ukuya kwi-630mm, kunye nobukhulu bodonga ukusuka kwi-1mm ukuya kwi-70mm.
Kwinjineli yesiqhelo, ubukhulu becala kusetyenziswa ububanzi obuvela ngaphandle obuyi-15mm ukuya kwi-108mm kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuyi-2mm ukuya kwi-10mm.
Umzekelo, imibhobho enobubanzi bangaphandle obuyi-25mm kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuyi-3mm idla ngokusetyenziswa kwiinkqubo ze-hydraulic, ngelixa imibhobho enobubanzi bangaphandle obuyi-89mm kunye nobukhulu bodonga obuyi-6mm ifanelekile ukuthuthwa kweekhemikhali.
Okokuqala, qinisekisa isiqinisekiso sezinto ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kunye neempawu zoomatshini ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo. Umzekelo, amandla okuvelisa entsimbi engama-20# kufuneka angabi ngaphantsi kwe-245 MPa, kwaye amandla okuvelisa e-ASTM A106-B kufuneka abe yi-≥240 MPa.
Okwesibini, hlola umgangatho wembonakalo. Umphezulu mawungabi naziphene ezifana neentanda kunye nezigoso, kwaye ukuphambuka kobukhulu bodonga kufuneka kulawulwe ngaphakathi kwe-±10%.
Ngaphezu koko, khetha iimveliso ezineenkqubo kunye nezixhobo ezifanelekileyo ngokusekelwe kwimeko yesicelo. Iipayipi eziqengqelekayo ezishushu kunye nee-alloys ezifana ne-A335-P91 zikhethwa kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ngelixa iipayipi ezitsalwa kubanda zicetyiswa kwizixhobo ezichanekileyo. Iipayipi zentsimbi engagqwaliyo ze-SUS316L zicetyiswa kwiindawo zaselwandle okanye kwiindawo ezinomhlwa ophezulu.
Okokugqibela, cela umthengisi ukuba anike ingxelo yokuchongwa kweziphene, egxile ekuchongeni iziphene zangaphakathi ezifihlakeleyo ukuze kuthintelwe imiba yomgangatho enokuchaphazela ukhuseleko lweprojekthi.
Oku kuqukumbela ingxoxo yale ngxaki. Ukuba ungathanda ukufunda okungakumbi malunga nemibhobho yentsimbi engenamthungo, nceda unxibelelane nathi ngale ndlela ilandelayo kwaye iqela lethu lokuthengisa eliyingcali liya kukuvuyela ukukunceda.
IQELA LASEBUKHOSINI
Idilesi
Indawo yophuhliso lweshishini laseKangsheng,
Isithili saseWuqing, isixeko saseTianjin, eTshayina.
I-imeyile
Amaxesha okusebenza
UMvulo-NgeCawa: Inkonzo yeeyure ezingama-24
Ixesha leposi: Sep-04-2025