Kuyilo lwangoku, ezothutho, ishishini, kunye nobunjineli bamandla,isakhiwo sentsimbi, kunye neengenelo zayo ezimbini kwizinto kunye nolwakhiwo, iye yaba yeyona nto iphambili ekuqhubeni izinto ezintsha kubuchwephesha bobunjineli. Ukusebenzisa isinyithi njengento engundoqo yomthwalo oyintloko, idlula imida yezakhiwo zendabuko ngokuveliswa kwemveliso kunye nokufakelwa kweemodyuli, ukubonelela ngezisombululo ezisebenzayo kwiiprojekthi ezininzi ezinzima.
Inkcazo kunye noBume beSteel Structure
Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi lubhekiselele kwinkqubo yolwakhiwo oluthwele umthwalo owenziweyoiipleyiti zentsimbi, amacandelo entsimbi (H imiqadi, Imijelo e, intsimbi engile, njl.), kunye nemibhobho yensimbi, ekhuselekile nge-welding, i-bolts high-strength bolts, okanye i-rivets. Undoqo wayo kukuphucula amandla aphezulu kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi ukuhambisa ngokulinganayo imithwalo ethe nkqo (ubunzima obufayo kunye nobunzima besixhobo) kunye nemithwalo ethe tye (umoya kunye neenyikima) ukusuka kwisakhiwo okanye iprojekthi ukuya kwisiseko sayo, iqinisekisa uzinzo lwesakhiwo. Xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo zekhonkrithi, inzuzo ephambili yezakhiwo zetsimbi ilele kwiimpawu zabo zokwenza izinto: amandla abo okuqina angafikelela kwi-345 MPa, ngaphezu kwamaxesha angama-10 ekhonkrithi eqhelekileyo; kunye neplastiki yabo ebalaseleyo ivumela ukuba bakhubazeke phantsi komthwalo ngaphandle kokuphulwa, ukubonelela ngesiqinisekiso esiphindwe kabini sokhuseleko lwesakhiwo. Olu phawu lubenza bangakwazi ukuphinda bathathelwe indawo kwisithuba esikhulu, esiphakamileyo, kunye neemeko ezinomthwalo onzima.
Iintlobo eziphambili zeZakhiwo zeNsimbi
(I) Ukuhlelwa ngokweFom yoLwakhiwo
Ulwakhiwo lweSango seSango: Esi sakhiwo, siqulunqwe ngeentsika kunye nemiqadi, senza isakhelo esimile "sango", sidityaniswa nenkqubo exhasayo. Ilungele izityalo zoshishino, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, iivenkile ezinkulu, kunye nezinye izakhiwo. Ububanzi obuqhelekileyo busuka kwi-15 ukuya kwi-30 yeemitha, kwaye ezinye zidlula i-40 yeemitha. Izixhobo zinokwakhiwa kwangaphambili kwiifektri, ezivumela ukufakwa kwendawo kwi-15 nje kwiintsuku ze-30. Umzekelo, iJD.com's Asia No. 1 Logistics Park iindawo zokugcina zisebenzisa olu hlobo lwesakhiwo.
Isakhiwo seTruss: Esi sakhiwo siquka iintonga ezithe tye ezidityaniswe ngamaqhuqhuva ukwenza ijometri engunxantathu okanye yetrapezoidal. Iintonga zixhomekeke kuphela kumandla e-axial, zisebenzisa ngokupheleleyo amandla ensimbi. Izakhiwo zetruss ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kuphahla lwebala lemidlalo kunye nebhulorho ephambili. Ngokomzekelo, ukulungiswa kweBala Lemidlalo Labasebenzi baseBeijing kwasebenzisa isakhiwo setrasi ukuze kufikelelwe kwisithuba esingangeemitha ezili-120.
Ulwakhiwo lwesakhelo: Inkqubo yesithuba esenziwe ngamaplanga aqhagamshelene ngokungqongqo kunye neentsika zibonelela ngezicwangciso zomgangatho eziguquguqukayo kwaye lolona khetho luphambili kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo zeeofisi kunye neehotele.
Izakhiwo zegridi: Igridi yendawo eyenziwe ngamalungu amaninzi, ahlala enonxantathu oqhelekileyo kunye neenodi zesikwere, inika ingqibelelo eyomeleleyo kunye nokuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kweenyikima. Zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizikhululo zeenqwelomoya kunye namaziko endibano.
(II) Ukuhlelwa ngokweempawu zoMthwalo
Amalungu e-Flexural: Amelwe yimiqadi, la malungu amelana namaxesha okugoba, kunye noxinzelelo phezulu kunye noxinzelelo ezantsi. Bahlala besebenzisa amacandelo e-H okanye amacandelo ebhokisi edibeneyo, njengemiqadi ye-crane kwizityalo zoshishino, kwaye kufuneka bahlangabezane neemfuno zamandla kunye nokukhathala.
Amalungu alayishwe nge-Axially: La malungu axhomekeke kuphela kwi-axial tension/compression, njenge-truss tie rods kunye namalungu egridi. Iintambo zokubopha zenzelwe amandla, ngelixa iintambo zokuxininisa zifuna ukuzinza. Iityhubhu ezijikelezayo okanye amacandelo entsimbi asetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo. Amacandelo alayishwe ngokwe-Eccentrically: Ezi ziphantsi kwayo yomibini imikhosi ye-axial kunye nemizuzu yokugoba, njengeentsika zesakhelo. Ngenxa yokunyanzeliswa komthwalo kwiziphelo ze-beam, i-symmetrical cross-sections (njengeekholamu zebhokisi) zifunekayo ukulinganisa imikhosi kunye nokuguqulwa.
Izinto eziluncedo ezingundoqo zeSteel Structures
(I) IiPropati ezigqwesileyo zoomatshini
Amandla aphezulu kunye nobunzima obuphantsi yizona zinzuzo ezibalulekileyo zezakhiwo zetsimbi. Kwisithuba esinikiweyo, ubunzima bentsimbi yentsimbi yi-1 / 3-1 / 5 kuphela ye-concrete beam. Ngokomzekelo, i-30-metres yentsimbi yentsimbi ilinganisa malunga ne-50 kg / m, ngelixa umqadi wekhonkrithi unzima ngaphezu kwe-200 kg / m. Oku akunciphisi kuphela iindleko zesiseko (ngama-20% -30%) kodwa kukwanciphisa iziphumo zenyikima, kuphuculwe ukhuseleko lwenyikima.
(II) Ubuchule boKwakha obuPhezulu
Ngaphezulu kwe-90% yamacandelo e-steel structure prefabricated kumashishini ane-millimeter-level precision. Ukufakela kwisiza kufuna kuphela ukunyuswa kunye noqhagamshelo. Ngokomzekelo, isakhiwo seofisi yensimbi ye-10 sithatha iinyanga ezi-6-8 kuphela ukusuka kwimveliso yecandelo ukuya ekugqityweni, ukunciphisa i-40% ngexesha lokwakha xa kuthelekiswa nesakhiwo sekhonkrithi. Ngokomzekelo, iprojekthi yokuhlala yentsimbi esele yenziwe e-Shenzhen ifezekise isantya sokwakha "somgangatho omnye rhoqo ngeentsuku ezisixhenxe," ukunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zomsebenzi kwisiza.
(III) Ukuxhathisa okuLimeleyo kweNyikima yomhlaba kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide
Ukuqina kwentsimbi kwenza ukuba izakhiwo zentsimbi zichithe amandla ngokuguqulwa ngexesha leenyikima. Umzekelo, ngexesha lenyikima ye-Wenchuan ka-2008, umzi-mveliso wentsimbi e-Chengdu wafumana uguquko olungephi kwaye akukho mngcipheko wokuwa. Ngaphezu koko, emva kokunyangwa kwe-anti-corrosion (i-galvanizing kunye ne-coating), isinyithi sinokuba nobomi benkonzo ye-50-100 iminyaka, kunye neendleko zokulondoloza eziphantsi kakhulu kunezakhiwo eziphathekayo.
(IV) Ukukhuselwa kwendalo kunye noZinzo
Amazinga okuhlaziya isinyithi adlula i-90%, evumela ukuba inyibilikiswe kwakhona kwaye iqhutywe emva kokudilizwa, ukuphelisa ungcoliseko lwenkunkuma yokwakha. Ngaphezu koko, ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi aludingi fom yefom okanye ukulungiswa, kufuna umsebenzi omncinci omanzi kwisiza, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kothuli ngaphezu kwe-60% xa kuthelekiswa nezakhiwo eziphathekayo, ezihambelana nemigaqo yokwakha eluhlaza. Umzekelo, emva kokuchithwa kwendawo ye-Ice Cube yeeOlimpiki zaseBusika eBeijing zowama-2022, amanye amacandelo aphinda asetyenziswa kwezinye iiprojekthi, ukuphumeza ukuphinda kusetyenziswe izixhobo.
Ukusetyenziswa ngokubanzi kweZakhiwo zeNsimbi
(I) Ukwakha
Izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke: Amabala emidlalo, izikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, amaziko endibano kunye nemiboniso, njl., bathembele kwizakhiwo zentsimbi ukuze bafezekise iindawo ezinkulu kunye noyilo olubanzi.
Izakhiwo zokuhlala: Iindawo zokuhlala ezakhiwe ngentsimbi ezakhiwe kwangaphambili zisiya zithandwa kakhulu kwaye zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zezindlu zomntu.
Izakhiwo zorhwebo: Izakhiwo eziphakamileyo zeeofisi kunye nodederhu lweevenkile, ezisebenzisa izakhiwo zentsimbi ukuphumeza uyilo oluntsonkothileyo kunye nolwakhiwo olusebenzayo.
(II) Ezothutho
Ubunjineli beebhulorho: Iibhulorho eziwela ulwandle kunye neebhulorho zikaloliwe. Iibhulorho zentsimbi zinika iindawo ezinkulu kunye nomoya onamandla kunye nokumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba.
Uhambo lukaloliwe: Iikhenopi zesikhululo sikaloliwe kunye nemiqadi kaloliwe elula.
(III) Ishishini
Izityalo zamashishini: Izityalo ezinomatshini onzima kunye nezityalo zesinyithi. Izakhiwo zensimbi zinokumelana nemithwalo yezixhobo ezinkulu kwaye ziququzelele ukuguqulwa kwezixhobo ezilandelayo.
Iindawo zokugcina iimpahla: Iindawo zokugcina iimpahla ezibandayo kunye namaziko othutho. Izakhiwo zesakhelo se-Portal zihlangabezana neemfuno zokugcinwa kwe-span enkulu kwaye zikhawuleza ukwakha kunye nokuthunyelwa ngokukhawuleza.
(IV) Amandla
Izibonelelo zamandla: Izixhobo zombane ze-Thermal izakhiwo eziphambili kunye neenqaba zothumelo. Izakhiwo zetsimbi zifanelekile kwimithwalo ephezulu kunye neendawo ezinzima zangaphandle. Amandla amatsha: Iinqaba ze-injini yomoya kunye neenkqubo zokuxhoma i-photovoltaic zibonakalisa izakhiwo zentsimbi ezikhaphukhaphu zokuthutha nokufakela lula, ukuxhasa uphuhliso lwamandla acocekileyo.
Qhagamshelana nathi ukuze ufunde ngakumbi malunga nezakhiwo zentsimbi.
IQELA LABHORA
Idilesi
Indawo yoshishino yophuhliso lweKangsheng,
Isithili saseWuqing, isixeko saseTianjin, eTshayina.
Iiyure
UMvulo-NgeCawa: Inkonzo yeeyure ezingama-24
Ixesha lokuposa: Sep-30-2025