Izakhiwo zentsimbizisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kushishino lokwakha ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo, ezinje ngokuqina okuphezulu, ukwakhiwa okukhawulezayo, kunye nokumelana okugqwesileyo kwenyikima. Iindidi ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo zetsimbi zifanelekile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokwakha, kunye nobukhulu bezinto ezisisiseko zabo ziyahluka. Ukukhetha ulwakhiwo oluchanekileyo lwentsimbi lubalulekile ekwakheni umgangatho kunye nokusebenza. Ezi nkcukacha zilandelayo iintlobo zesakhiwo sentsimbi eqhelekileyo, ubungakanani bezinto ezisisiseko, kunye neendawo eziphambili zokukhetha.
Iifreyimu zentsimbi yePortal
Iifreyimu zentsimbi yePortalzizakhiwo zentsimbi ezisicaba ezenziwe ngeekholamu zentsimbi kunye nemiqadi. Uyilo lwazo lulonke lulula, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwemithwalo echazwe kakuhle, enikezela ukusebenza kakuhle kwezoqoqosho kunye nokusebenza. Esi sakhiwo sibonelela ngendlela ecacileyo yokudlulisa umthwalo, ngokufanelekileyo ithwala imithwalo ethe nkqo kunye nethe tyaba. Kwakhona kulula ukwakha kunye nokuyifaka, kunye nexesha elifutshane lokwakha.
Ngokwesicelo, iifreyimu zentsimbi ye-portal zifanelekile ngokukodwa kwizakhiwo eziphantsi, ezifana neefektri ezisezantsi, iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, kunye neeworkshops. Ezi zakhiwo zifuna ubude obuthile kodwa hayi ukuphakama okuphezulu. Iifreyimu zentsimbi ye-Portal zihlangabezana ngokufanelekileyo nezi mfuno, zibonelela ngesithuba esaneleyo sokuvelisa kunye nokugcinwa.
Isakhelo sentsimbi
A isakhelo sentsimbisisakhiwo sesakhelo sentsimbi esinesithuba esineentsika zentsimbi kunye nemiqadi. Ngokungafaniyo nesakhiwo esisicaba sesakhelo se-portal, isakhelo sensimbi senza inkqubo ye-spatial ye-dimensional-dimensional, enikezela ukuzinza okukhulu ngokubanzi kunye nokuchasana kwecala. Inokwakhiwa kwimigangatho emininzi okanye izakhiwo eziphakamileyo ngokweemfuno zezakhiwo, ukulungelelanisa ubude obuhlukeneyo kunye neemfuno zobude.
Ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kwesakhiwo, iifreyimu zentsimbi zifanelekile kwizakhiwo ezinobubanzi obukhulu okanye ubude obuphakamileyo, njengezakhiwo zeofisi, iivenkile ezinkulu, iihotele kunye namaziko enkomfa. Kwezi zakhiwo, iifreyimu zentsimbi azifikeleli nje kuphela iimfuno zoyilo lwesithuba esikhulu kodwa zikwaququzelela ukufakelwa kwezixhobo kunye nendlela yokuhambisa imibhobho ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.
Intsimbi yentsimbi
I-truss yentsimbi sisakhiwo sesithuba esakhiwe ngamacandelo amaninzi (njengentsimbi ye-angle, intsimbi yesitishi, kunye ne-I-beams) ehlelwe ngendlela ethile (umzekelo, i-triangular, i-trapezoidal, okanye i-polygonal). Amalungu ayo ngokuyinhloko athwala i-axial tension okanye i-compression, ebonelela ngokusasazwa komthwalo olinganayo, esebenzisa ngokupheleleyo amandla ezinto eziphathekayo kunye nentsimbi yokulondoloza.
Iitrasi zentsimbi zinomthamo osomeleleyo wespan kwaye zifanelekile kwizakhiwo ezifuna izithuba ezinkulu, ezifana namabala emidlalo, iiholo zemiboniso, kunye nezikhululo zeenqwelomoya. Kwibala lezemidlalo, iintsimbi zentsimbi zinokwenza izakhiwo zophahla ezinkulu, zihlangabezane neemfuno zeendawo zeeholo kunye neendawo zokhuphiswano. Kwiiholo zemiboniso kunye nezikhululo zeenqwelo-moya, iitrasi zentsimbi zibonelela ngenkxaso yesakhiwo esithembekileyo kwiindawo zokubonisa eziphangaleleyo kunye neendlela zokujikeleza kwabahambi ngeenyawo.
Igridi yentsimbi
Igridi yentsimbi yisakhiwo sesithuba esakhiwe ngamalungu amaninzi adityaniswe ngamaqhuqhuva kwipatheni yegridi ethile (njengonxantathu abaqhelekileyo, izikwere, kunye neehexagons eziqhelekileyo). Inika iingenelo ezinje ngeendawo ezisezantsi, ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kwe-seismic, ukuqina okuphezulu, kunye nozinzo olomeleleyo. Uhlobo lwalo lwelungu elilodwa luququzelela imveliso yefektri kunye nokufakwa kwendawo.
Iigridi zentsimbi zifaneleka ngokukodwa uphahla okanye izakhiwo zodonga, ezifana namagumbi okulinda, ii-canopies, kunye nophahla olukhulu lwefektri. Kumagumbi okulinda, uphahla lwegridi yentsimbi lunokugubungela iindawo ezinkulu, lunike indawo yokulinda ekhululekileyo kubakhweli. Kwii-canopies, izakhiwo zegridi yentsimbi zikhaphukhaphu kwaye zithandeka ngobuhle, ngelixa zijongene ngokuphumelelayo nemithwalo yendalo efana nomoya kunye nemvula.
- Iifreyimu zentsimbi yePortal
Iikholamu zentsimbi kunye nemiqadi yeefreyimu ze-portal ngokuqhelekileyo zakhiwe ngentsimbi emile okwe-H. Ubungakanani bezi kholamu zentsimbi bumiselwa yimiba efana nobude besakhiwo, ubude kunye nomthwalo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kwiifektri eziphantsi okanye iindawo zokugcina iimpahla ezineemitha ezili-12-24 kunye nokuphakama kweemitha ezi-4-6, iikholamu zetsimbi ezinokwakheka kwe-H zihlala zivela kwi-H300 × 150 × 6.5 × 9 ukuya kwi-H500 × 200 × 7 × 11; imiqadi ngokuqhelekileyo isukela H350×175×7×11 ukuya H600×200×8×12. Kwezinye iimeko kunye nemithwalo ephantsi, i-I-shaped steel okanye i-channel steel ingasetyenziselwa njengezixhobo ezincedisayo. Insimbi enemilo ye-I iqhelekile ukusuka kwi-I14 ukuya kwi-I28, ngelixa intsimbi yesitishi iqhelekile ukusuka kwi-12 ukuya kwi- [20].
- Iifreyimu zentsimbi
Izakhelo zentsimbi zisebenzisa ubukhulu becala intsimbi yecandelo le-H kwiikholam kunye nemiqadi. Kuba kufuneka baxhathise imithwalo emikhulu ethe nkqo kunye nethe tye, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ifuna ubude obukhulu besakhiwo kunye nobude, isiseko semathiriyeli yabo bukhulu kunesakhelo se-portal. Kwizakhiwo zeofisi ezinamabali amaninzi okanye iindawo zokuthenga (iibali ezi-3-6, zihamba nge-8-15m), imilinganiselo yentsimbi ye-H esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiikholomu ukusuka kwi-H400 × 200 × 8 × 13 ukuya kwi-H800 × 300 × 10 × 16; Imilinganiselo yentsimbi yecandelo le-H esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwiiplanga ukusuka kwi-H450 × 200 × 9 × 14 ukuya kwi-H700 × 300 × 10 × 16. Kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo zentsimbi (ngaphezulu kwamabali ama-6), iikholomu zingasebenzisa intsimbi yecandelo le-H elidityanisiweyo okanye intsimbi yecandelo lebhokisi. Ibhokisi-icandelo imilinganiselo intsimbi ngokuqhelekileyo isukela 400×400×12×12 ukuya 800×800×20×20 ukuphucula ukumelana nolwakhiwo olusecaleni kunye uzinzo jikelele.
- Iitrasi zentsimbi
Izinto ezisisiseko eziqhelekileyo kumalungu entsimbi yentsimbi ziquka intsimbi ye-angle, intsimbi yeshaneli, i-I-beams, kunye nemibhobho yensimbi. I-angle yentsimbi isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiitrasi zetsimbi ngenxa yeemilo zayo ezahlukeneyo ezinqamlezayo kunye nokudibanisa okulula. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo buvela ∠50×5 ukuya ∠125×10. Kumalungu axhomekeke kwimithwalo ephezulu, intsimbi yeshaneli okanye i-I-beams isetyenziswa. Ubungakanani bentsimbi yomjelo buvela kwi- [14 ukuya kwi-30, kunye nobukhulu be-I-beam ukusuka kwi-I16 ukuya kwi-I40.) Kwimibhobho yentsimbi ye-long-span (i-spans edlula i-30m), imibhobho yensimbi isetyenziswa rhoqo njengamalungu okunciphisa i-structural deadweight kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-seismic. Ububanzi beepayipi zensimbi ngokuqhelekileyo zivela kwi-Φ89 × 4 ukuya kwi-Φ219 × 8, kwaye izinto eziphathekayo zidla ngokuba yi-Q345B okanye i-Q235B.
- Igridi yentsimbi
Amalungu egridi yentsimbi akhiwe ngokuyinhloko ngemibhobho yentsimbi, eyenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo nge-Q235B kunye ne-Q345B. Ubungakanani bombhobho buchongwa bubude begridi, ubungakanani begridi, kunye neemeko zomthwalo. Kwizakhiwo zegridi ezinobubanzi be-15-30m (ezifana neeholo zokulinda ezincinci kunye naphakathi kunye neekhenopi), ububanzi bombhobho wentsimbi eqhelekileyo ngu-Φ48 × 3.5 ukuya ku-Φ114 × 4.5. Kwiziko ezingaphezulu kwe-30m (ezifana nophahla lwebala elikhulu nophahla lwesikhululo seenqwelomoya), idiameter yombhobho wentsimbi iyenyuka ngokufanelekileyo, ngokwesiqhelo ukuya kwi-Φ114×4.5 ukuya kwi-Φ168×6. Amalungu egridi aqhele ukubotshwa okanye adityaniswe ngeebhola ezidityanisiweyo. Ububanzi bombhobho odibeneyo webhola buchongwa linani lamalungu kunye nomthamo womthwalo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-Φ100 ukuya kwi-Φ300.
Cacisa iiMfuno zeZakhiwo kunye neSimo sokuSetyenziswa
Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge isakhiwo sentsimbi, kufuneka uqale ucacise injongo yesakhiwo, ubude, ubude, inani lemigangatho, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo (ezifana nobunzulu benyikima, uxinzelelo lomoya, kunye nomthwalo wekhephu). Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa zifuna ukusebenza okwahlukileyo kwizakhiwo zentsimbi. Ngokomzekelo, kwiindawo ezixhatshazwa yinyikima, igridi yentsimbi okanye izakhiwo zesakhelo zensimbi ezinokumelana nokuzamazama komhlaba kufuneka zikhethwe. Kwiinkundla ezinkulu ze-span, i-trusses yensimbi okanye iigridi zetsimbi zifanelekile ngakumbi. Ngaphezu koko, umthamo wokuthwala umthwalo wesakhiwo sensimbi kufuneka unqunywe ngokusekelwe kwimiqathango yomthwalo wesakhiwo (njengemithwalo efileyo kunye nemithwalo ephilayo) ukuqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo sensimbi esikhethiweyo sihlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo.
Ukuvavanya uMgangatho weNsimbi kunye nokuSebenza
Insimbi yinto esisiseko sesiseko sezakhiwo zetsimbi, kwaye umgangatho wayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo sensimbi. Xa kuthengwa intsimbi, khetha iimveliso eziveliswe ngabavelisi abahloniphekileyo kunye nokuqinisekiswa komgangatho oqinisekisiweyo. Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kumgangatho wezinto zentsimbi (ezifana ne-Q235B, i-Q345B, njl.), iimpawu zomatshini (njengamandla esivuno, amandla okuqina, kunye nobude), kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali. Ukusebenza kwamabakala ensimbi ahlukeneyo kuyahluka kakhulu. Intsimbi ye-Q345B inamandla aphezulu kune-Q235B kwaye ifanelekile kwizakhiwo ezifuna umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala umthwalo. Intsimbi ye-Q235B, kwelinye icala, ineplastiki engcono kunye nokuqina kwaye ifanelekile kwizakhiwo ezineemfuno ezithile ze-seismic. Ukongezelela, jonga ukubonakala kwentsimbi ukuze ugweme iziphene ezifana nokuqhekeka, ukufakwa kunye nokugoba.
Iqela leRoyal Steel lijongene noyilo kunye nezixhobo zezakhiwo zetsimbi.Sinikezela ngezakhiwo zentsimbi kumazwe amaninzi nakwimimandla, kubandakanya iSaudi Arabia, iCanada, neGuatemala.Siyayamkela imibuzo evela kubathengi abatsha nabakhoyo.
Idilesi
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Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-14-2025