Izakhiwo zentsimbizisetyenziswa kakhulu kushishino lokwakha ngenxa yeenzuzo zazo, ezinje ngamandla aphezulu, ulwakhiwo olukhawulezayo, kunye nokumelana okuhle kakhulu nokushukuma komhlaba. Iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo zentsimbi zifanelekile kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo zokwakha, kwaye ubungakanani bezinto ezisisiseko nazo ziyahluka. Ukukhetha isakhiwo sentsimbi esifanelekileyo kubalulekile kumgangatho wesakhiwo kunye nokusebenza. Ezi zilandelayo ziinkcukacha zeentlobo zesakhiwo sentsimbi eqhelekileyo, ubungakanani bezinto ezisisiseko, kunye neendawo eziphambili zokukhetha.
Iifreyimu zentsimbi zePortal
Izakhelo zentsimbi zePortalzizakhiwo zentsimbi ezisicaba ezenziwe ngeekholamu zentsimbi kunye neebhanti. Uyilo lwazo lulula, lunokusasazwa komthwalo okucacileyo, lubonelela ngokusebenza okungabizi kakhulu nokusebenzisekayo. Olu lwakhiwo lubonelela ngendlela ecacileyo yokudlulisa umthwalo, oluthwala ngempumelelo imithwalo ethe nkqo nethe tye. Kulula nokuyakha nokuyifakela, kunye nexesha elifutshane lokwakha.
Ngokuphathelele ukusetyenziswa, iifreyimu zentsimbi ze-portal zilungele kakhulu izakhiwo ezisezantsi, njengeefektri ezisezantsi, ii-warehouse, kunye neeworkshops. Ezi zakhiwo zihlala zifuna ububanzi obuthile kodwa azidingi ukuphakama okuphezulu. Iifreyimu zentsimbi ze-portal ziyahlangabezana ngempumelelo nezi mfuno, zibonelela ngendawo eyaneleyo yokuvelisa nokugcina.
Isakhelo sentsimbi
A ifreyimu yentsimbisisakhiwo sesakhelo sentsimbi esinendawo esakhiwe ziikholamu zentsimbi kunye neebhanti. Ngokungafaniyo nesakhiwo esithe tyaba sesakhelo sesango, isakhelo sentsimbi senza inkqubo yendawo enamacala amathathu, enika uzinzo olukhulu kunye nokumelana ecaleni. Ingakhiwa ibe zizakhiwo ezinemigangatho emininzi okanye eziphakamileyo ngokweemfuno zokwakha, ilungelelanise neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zobude kunye nobude.
Ngenxa yokusebenza kwayo kakuhle kwesakhiwo, iifreyimu zentsimbi zifanelekile kwizakhiwo ezineendawo ezinkulu okanye eziphakamileyo, njengezakhiwo zeeofisi, iivenkile ezinkulu, iihotele, kunye neendawo zeenkomfa. Kwezi zakhiwo, iifreyimu zentsimbi azihlangabezani nje neemfuno zeendawo ezinkulu kodwa zikwanceda ukufakwa kwezixhobo kunye nokuhanjiswa kwemibhobho ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo.
I-Truss yentsimbi
I-truss yentsimbi sisakhiwo sendawo esenziwe ngamacandelo ahlukeneyo (njenge-engile yentsimbi, i-channel steel, kunye ne-I-beams) ezicwangciswe ngendlela ethile (umz., unxantathu, i-trapezoidal, okanye i-polygonal). Amalungu ayo ngokuyintloko athwala uxinzelelo lwe-axial okanye ucinezelo, olubonelela ngokusasazwa komthwalo olinganayo, esebenzisa ngokupheleleyo amandla ezinto kunye nentsimbi egcinayo.
Ii-trus zentsimbi zinamandla amakhulu okufikelela kwaye zifanelekile kwizakhiwo ezifuna ii-span ezinkulu, ezifana nee-stadium, ii-holls zemiboniso, kunye nee-terminals ze-airport. Kwii-stadium, ii-trus zentsimbi zinokwenza izakhiwo zophahla ezinkulu, zihlangabezane neemfuno zendawo yee-auditoriums kunye neendawo zokhuphiswano. Kwii-holls zemiboniso kunye nee-terminals ze-airport, ii-trus zentsimbi zibonelela ngenkxaso ethembekileyo yesakhiwo kwiindawo zokubonisa ezinkulu kunye neendlela zokuhamba ngeenyawo.
Igridi yentsimbi
Igridi yentsimbi sisakhiwo sendawo esakhiwe ngamalungu amaninzi adityaniswe ngamaqhuqhuva kwipateni ethile yegridi (ezifana noonxantathu abaqhelekileyo, izikwere, kunye neehexagons eziqhelekileyo). Inika iingenelo ezinje ngamandla aphantsi esithuba, ukumelana okuhle kakhulu kwenyikima, ukuqina okuphezulu, kunye nozinzo oluqinileyo. Uhlobo lwayo lwelungu elinye lunceda ukuveliswa kwefektri kunye nokufakwa kwindawo.
Iigridi zentsimbi zilungele kakhulu izakhiwo zophahla okanye zodonga, ezinje ngamagumbi okulinda, ii-canopies, kunye nophahla olukhulu lwefektri. Kumagumbi okulinda, uphahla lwegridi yentsimbi lunokugubungela iindawo ezinkulu, lubonelele ngendawo yokulinda ekhululekileyo kubakhweli. Kwii-canopies, izakhiwo zegridi yentsimbi zilula kwaye zintle ngobuhle, ngelixa zinyamezela ngempumelelo imithwalo yendalo efana nomoya nemvula.
- Iifreyimu zentsimbi zePortal
Iikholamu zentsimbi kunye neebhari zeefreyimu zesango zihlala zakhiwe ngentsimbi enomfanekiso we-H. Ubungakanani bezi kholamu zentsimbi bumiselwa zizinto ezifana nobubanzi besakhiwo, ukuphakama, kunye nomthwalo. Ngokubanzi, kwiifektri ezisezantsi okanye kwiindawo zokugcina impahla ezineebhari ezingama-12-24 eemitha kunye nokuphakama kweemitha ezi-4-6, iikholamu zentsimbi enomfanekiso we-H zihlala ziqala kwi-H300×150×6.5×9 ukuya kwi-H500×200×7×11; iibhari zihlala ziqala kwi-H350×175×7×11 ukuya kwi-H600×200×8×12. Kwezinye iimeko xa kukho imithwalo ephantsi, intsimbi enomfanekiso we-I okanye intsimbi yetshaneli ingasetyenziswa njengezinto ezincedisayo. Intsimbi enomfanekiso we-I idla ngobungakanani ukusuka kwi-I14 ukuya kwi-I28, ngelixa intsimbi yetshaneli idla ngobungakanani ukusuka kwi-[12 ukuya kwi-[20].
- Iifreyimu zentsimbi
Iifreyimu zentsimbi zisebenzisa ikakhulu intsimbi ye-H-section kwiikholamu zazo kunye neebhari. Ngenxa yokuba kufuneka zimelane nemithwalo emikhulu ethe nkqo nethe tye, kwaye ngenxa yokuba zifuna ubude nobubanzi besakhiwo obukhulu, ubukhulu bezinto ezisisiseko zazo buhlala bukhulu kunezo zeefreyimu zesango. Kwizakhiwo zeeofisi ezinemigangatho emininzi okanye kwiindawo zokuthenga ezinkulu (imigangatho emi-3-6, ububanzi obuyi-8-15m), ubukhulu bentsimbi ye-H-section esetyenziswa rhoqo kwiikholamu buqala kwi-H400×200×8×13 ukuya kwi-H800×300×10×16; ubukhulu bentsimbi ye-H-section esetyenziswa rhoqo kwiibhari buqala kwi-H450×200×9×14 ukuya kwi-H700×300×10×16. Kwizakhiwo zesinyithi eziphakamileyo (ngaphezulu kwemigangatho emi-6), iikholamu zingasebenzisa intsimbi ye-H-section edityanisiweyo okanye intsimbi yebhokisi. Ubukhulu bentsimbi yebhokisi buhlala buqala kwi-400×400×12×12 ukuya kwi-800×800×20×20 ukuphucula ukumelana kwesakhiwo ecaleni kunye nokuzinza ngokubanzi.
- Iitrasi zentsimbi
Izinto ezisisiseko eziqhelekileyo zamalungu e-truss yentsimbi ziquka i-engile steel, i-channel steel, i-I-beams, kunye neepayipi zentsimbi. I-engile steel isetyenziswa kakhulu kwii-trusses zentsimbi ngenxa yemilo yayo eyahlukeneyo kunye nokulula kokudibanisa. Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo buqala kwi-∠50×5 ukuya kwi-∠125×10. Kumalungu athwalwa yimithwalo ephezulu, kusetyenziswa i-channel steel okanye i-I-beams. Ubungakanani be-channel steel buqala kwi-[14 ukuya kwi-[30, kwaye ubukhulu be-I-beam buqala kwi-I16 ukuya kwi-I40.) Kwii-long-span steel trusses (ii-span ezidlula kwi-30m), iipayipi zentsimbi zihlala zisetyenziswa njengamalungu ukunciphisa ubunzima besakhiwo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-seismic. Ububanzi beepayipi zentsimbi buqala kwi-Φ89×4 ukuya kwi-Φ219×8, kwaye izinto zihlala ziyi-Q345B okanye i-Q235B.
- Igridi yentsimbi
Amalungu egridi yentsimbi akhiwe kakhulu ngeepayipi zentsimbi, eziqhele ukwenziwa nge-Q235B kunye ne-Q345B. Ubungakanani bepayipi bumiselwa bububanzi begridi, ubungakanani begridi, kunye neemeko zomthwalo. Kwizakhiwo zegridi ezinee-span ze-15-30m (ezifana neeholo zokulinda ezincinci neziphakathi kunye nee-canopies), ububanzi bepayipi yentsimbi eqhelekileyo yi-Φ48×3.5 ukuya kwi-Φ114×4.5. Kwi-span ezidlula i-30m (ezifana nophahla lwenkundla enkulu kunye nophahla lwesiphelo sesikhululo seenqwelo-moya), ububanzi bepayipi yentsimbi buyanda ngokufanelekileyo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukuya kwi-Φ114×4.5 ukuya kwi-Φ168×6. Iijoyinti zegridi zihlala ziboltiwe okanye zifakwe iijoyinti zebhola. Ububanzi bejoyinti yebhola eboltiweyo bumiselwa linani lamalungu kunye nomthamo womthwalo, ngokuqhelekileyo ukusuka kwi-Φ100 ukuya kwi-Φ300.
Cacisa Iimfuno Zesakhiwo kunye Nemeko Yokusetyenziswa
Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge isakhiwo sentsimbi, kufuneka uqale ucacise injongo yesakhiwo, ubude baso, ukuphakama kwaso, inani lemigangatho, kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo (ezifana nokuqina kwenyikima, uxinzelelo lomoya, kunye nomthwalo wekhephu). Iimeko ezahlukeneyo zokusetyenziswa zifuna ukusebenza okwahlukileyo kwizakhiwo zentsimbi. Umzekelo, kwiindawo ezithandwa yinyikima, kufuneka kukhethwe igridi yentsimbi okanye izakhiwo zesakhelo sentsimbi ezinokumelana okuhle nenyikima. Kwizitediyamu ezinkulu, ii-trusses zentsimbi okanye iigridi zentsimbi zifanelekile ngakumbi. Ngaphezu koko, amandla okuthwala umthwalo wesakhiwo sentsimbi kufuneka amiselwe ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zomthwalo wesakhiwo (ezifana nemithwalo efileyo kunye nemithwalo ephilayo) ukuqinisekisa ukuba isakhiwo sentsimbi esikhethiweyo siyahlangabezana neemfuno zokusetyenziswa kwesakhiwo.
Ukuhlola Umgangatho kunye nokusebenza kwentsimbi
Intsimbi yeyona nto iphambili kwizakhiwo zentsimbi, kwaye umgangatho wayo kunye nokusebenza kwayo kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko kunye nokuqina kwesakhiwo sentsimbi. Xa uthenga intsimbi, khetha iimveliso eziveliswe ngabavelisi abaziwayo abanoqinisekiso lomgangatho oluqinisekisiweyo. Nika ingqalelo ekhethekileyo kumgangatho wezinto zentsimbi (ezifana ne-Q235B, i-Q345B, njl.njl.), iimpawu zoomatshini (ezifana namandla okuvelisa, amandla okutsalwa, kunye nokwandiswa), kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali. Ukusebenza kwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo entsimbi kuyahluka kakhulu. Intsimbi ye-Q345B inamandla aphezulu kune-Q235B kwaye ifanelekile kwizakhiwo ezifuna amandla aphezulu okuthwala umthwalo. Intsimbi ye-Q235B, kwelinye icala, inobunkunkqele kunye nokuqina okungcono kwaye ifanelekile kwizakhiwo ezineemfuno ezithile zenyikima. Ukongeza, jonga inkangeleko yentsimbi ukuze uphephe iziphene ezifana nokuqhekeka, ukugquma, kunye nokugoba.
I-Royal Steel Group igxile kuyilo kunye nezixhobo zezakhiwo zentsimbi.Sibonelela ngezakhiwo zentsimbi kumazwe nakwimimandla emininzi, kuquka iSaudi Arabia, iKhanada, kunye neGuatemala.Siyamkela imibuzo evela kubathengi abatsha nabakhoyo.
Idilesi
Indawo yophuhliso lweshishini laseKangsheng,
Isithili saseWuqing, isixeko saseTianjin, eTshayina.
Amaxesha okusebenza
UMvulo-NgeCawa: Inkonzo yeeyure ezingama-24
Ixesha leposi: Oktobha-14-2025