2091506Factory Metal Space Frame Building Building
Intsimbi yesakhiwo luhlobo lweizakhiwo zentsimbiimathiriyeli enemilo ethile kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali ukuze zihambelane neenkcukacha zeprojekthi.
Ngokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha ezisebenzayo zeprojekthi nganye, insimbi yolwakhiwo inokuza kwiimilo ezahlukeneyo, ubukhulu, kunye neenkcukacha. Ezinye zishushu ziqengqeleke okanye zibandayo, kanti ezinye zidityaniswe ngeepleyiti ezisicaba okanye ezigobileyo. Iimilo eziqhelekileyo zentsimbi yesakhiwo ziquka i-I-beams, i-high-speed steel, iziteshi, ii-angles, kunye namacwecwe.
ImiGangatho yeHlabathi yeintsimbi Isakhelo Ulwakhiwo
GB 50017 (eTshayina): Imithetho ngokubanzi yoyilo lwezakhiwo zetsimbi Lo mgangatho usebenza kwimithwalo yokuyila, inkcazo, ukuqina kunye nokhuseleko lwezakhiwo zetsimbi.
I-AISC (US): "Ibhayibhile" yoyilo eMntla Melika, iqulethe izibonelelo zomthwalo, ulwakhiwo kunye noyilo loqhagamshelo.
I-BS 5950 (eUK): Ukukhuthaza ulungelelwaniso olufanelekileyo lokhuseleko, uqoqosho kunye nolwakhiwo olusebenzayo.
EN 1993 – Eurocode 3 (EU): Umgangatho woyilo oluhambelanayo lwezakhiwo zentsimbi eYurophu.
| Umgangatho | Umgangatho weSizwe | Umgangatho waseMelika | Umgangatho waseYurophu | |
| Intshayelelo | Ngemigangatho kazwelonke (GB) njengeyona nto ingundoqo, incediswa yimimiselo yoshishino, igxininisa inkqubo epheleleyo yolawulo loyilo, ukwakhiwa kunye nokwamkelwa. | Ukugxila kwimigangatho yezixhobo ze-ASTM kunye neenkcukacha zoyilo lwe-AISC, sigxile ekudibaniseni isiqinisekiso esizimeleyo semarike kunye nemigangatho yoshishino. | Uthotho lwemigangatho ye-EN (imigangatho yaseYurophu) | |
| Imigangatho engundoqo | Imigangatho yoyilo | GB 50017-2017 | AISC (AISC 360-16) | EN 1993 |
| Imigangatho yezinto eziphathekayo | GB/T 700-2006、GB/T 1591-2018 | ASTM International | Uthotho lwe-EN 10025 luphuhliswe yi-CEN | |
| Ukwakhiwa kunye nemigangatho yokwamkelwa | GB 50205-2020 | AWS D1.1 | EN 1011 series | |
| Imigangatho ethile kwishishini | Ngokomzekelo, i-JT / T 722-2023 kwintsimi yeebhulorho, i-JGJ 99-2015 kwintsimi yokwakha | |||
| Izatifikethi ezifunekayo | Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbi isiqinisekiso sobuchwephesha bokwenza ikhontrakthi (ibakala elikhethekileyo, ibakala lokuqala, ibakala lesibini, ibakala lesithathu) | Isiqinisekiso se-AISC | CE Mark, Isiqinisekiso se-DIN saseJamani, Isiqinisekiso se-UK CARES | |
| Isatifikethi se-China Classification Society (CCS), isakhiwo sentsimbi sokuvelisa isiqinisekiso sesiqinisekiso seshishini | Isiqinisekiso seFRA | |||
| Iingxelo zovavanyo malunga neempawu zoomatshini, umgangatho we-weld, njl njl ekhutshwe yi-arhente yovavanyo lomntu wesithathu | ASME | |||
| Iinkcukacha: | |
| Isakhelo seNsimbi ePhambili | I-H-icandelo lentsimbi yentsimbi kunye neentsika, ipeyinti okanye i-galvanized, i-galvanized C-section okanye ipayipi yensimbi, njl. |
| Isakhelo seSekondari | idiphu eshushu ifakwe i-C-purlin, ibracing yentsimbi, ibha yokubopha, iplace yedolo, isivalo somphetho, njl. |
| Iphaneli yophahla | Iphaneli yesandwich ye-EPS, iphaneli yesangweji yeglasi yefiber, ipaneli yesandwich yeRockwool, kunye nesandwich yePU Iphaneli okanye ipleyiti yensimbi, njl. |
| Iphaneli yodonga | ipaneli yesandwich okanye ishidi lentsimbi ekalisiweyo, njl. |
| Iqhina intonga | ityhubhu yentsimbi ejikelezayo |
| Ikhonkco | ibha engqukuva |
| Intsimbi yedolo | intsimbi engile |
| Imizobo kunye nokucaphula: | |
| (1) Uyilo olulungiselelweyo lwamkelekile. | |
| (2) Ukuze sikunike isicatshulwa esichanekileyo kunye nemizobo, nceda usazise ubude, ububanzi, ukuphakama kwe-eve, kunye nemozulu yendawo. Thina uzakucaphula ngokukhawuleza. | |
Ulwakhiwo lwentsimbiAmacandelo
Amacandelo asemgangathweni ngalawo achazwe kwimigangatho epapashiweyo kwihlabathi jikelele kwaye kukho amacandelo akhethekileyo / abanikazi.
I-imiqadi(i-capital "I" amacandelo - e-UK oku kubandakanya imiqadi yendalo yonke (UB) kunye nekholamu yendawo yonke (UC); eYurophu, oku kubandakanya i-IPE, HE, HL, HD kunye namacandelo amaninzi; e-US oku kubandakanya i-flange ebanzi (WF okanye W-shape) kunye namacandelo e-H-shape)
Z-imiqadi(reverse half-flanges)
HSS(AmaCandelo oLwakhiwo oluHoli, akwaziwa njenge-SHS(iCandelo loMngxunya weStructural Hollow); abandakanya isikwere, iRectangular, iSetyhula (iTubular) kunye namaCandelo ambhoxo).
Iiengile(Icandelo elikwimilo ka L)
Imijelo yolwakhiwo, itshaneli C, okanye amacandelo "C".
T Imiqadi(Amacandelo abunjwe ngu-T) .
Iibhazixande kumnqamlezo-candelo, kodwa azibanzi ngokwaneleyo ukuba zingachazwa njengepleyiti.
Iindukungamacandelo angqukuva okanye asisikwere anobude obude xa kuthelekiswa nobubanzi bawo.
Amacwecwezi sheet metal ezingaphezulu kwe 6 mm okanye 1⁄4 intshi ubukhulu.
Izakhiwo zetsimbi zizakhiwo apho intsimbi isetyenziswa njengeyona nto iphambili yokuthwala umthwalo. Kwaye ngenxa yamandla aphezulu, ubunzima obulula, ukwakhiwa ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwe-seismic yesakhiwo sensimbi, isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiinkalo ezininzi. Imimandla yayo ephambili yesicelo zezi:
Injineri yezendlela
1. Izakhiwo zemizi-mveliso- Iifektri: oomatshini, isinyithi, izityalo zekhemikhali njalo njalo.
2. Oovimba: Amaziko amakhulu olungiselelo kunye namaziko okugcina (afana neendawo zokugcina iimpahla eziphakamileyo kunye neendawo ezibandayo zamatsheyina);
3. Izakhiwo zokuhlala- IZakhiwo ezinomgangatho ophakamileyo: Isakhelo esingundoqo sezakhiwo ezinobude obuphezulu ( umz. i-skyscrapers);
4.Izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke: Amabala emidlalo, iiholo zemiboniso, iithiyetha, iitheminali zeenqwelomoya njalo njalo.
5. Izakhiwo zokuhlala: Isakhiwo sokuhlala esinesakhiwo sensimbi siyasebenza.
Izibonelelo zezothutho
1. Ubunjineli beBhulorho- Iibhulorho ezinde - iibhulorho zikaloliwe/ zikahola wendlela
2. Umzila kaloliwe kunye nezikhululo- Izikhululo zikaloliwe ezihamba ngesantya esiphezulu, izikhululo zesikhululo sikaloliwe ohamba ngaphantsi komhlaba - Izithuthi zikaloliwe
Ubunjineli obukhethekileyo kunye neZixhobo
1. Ubunjineli baseLwandle-Amaqonga aphesheya konxweme: Iziseko eziphambili zamaqonga okomba ioyile (ibhatyi, iidekhi zeqonga); Ukwakhiwa kweenqanawa
2. Oomatshini bokuphakamisa kunye nokwakha- Cranes - Izithuthi ezikhethekileyo
3. Izinto ezinkulu kunye nezikhongozeli- Amatanki okugcina amashishini - Izakhelo zezixhobo zoomatshini
Ezinye Iimeko Ezikhethekileyo
1. Izakhiwo zexeshana: izindlu zoncedo lwentlekele, iiholo zemiboniso zexeshana, izakhiwo ezenziwe ngaphambili, njl.
2. Idome yeglasi ixhasakudederhu lweevenkile ezinkulu
3. Ubunjineli bamandla / ishishini- iinqaba zomoya (iipleyiti zentsimbi eziqengqelekayo) kunye neepaneli zelanga.
Inkqubo yokusika
1. Ukulungiselela kwangaphambili
Ukuhlolwa kwezinto
Umzobo Ukutolika
2. Ukukhetha indlela efanelekileyo yokusika
Ukusika iFlame: Ifanele intsimbi etyebileyo ethambileyo kunye nentsimbi ephantsi, ilungele ukwenziwa komatshini orhabaxa.
Ukusika iJet yamanzi: Ifanelekile kwizinto ezahlukeneyo, ngokukodwa isinyithi esinobushushu okanye ukuchaneka okuphezulu, iindawo ezikhethekileyo.
Ukwenziwa kweWelding
Le nkqubo isebenzisa ukushisa, uxinzelelo, okanye zombini (ngamanye amaxesha kunye nezixhobo zokuzalisa) ukufezekisa ukudibanisa kwe-athomu kwiindawo ezidibeneyo zezakhiwo zensimbi, ngaloo ndlela zenza isakhiwo esiqinileyo, esidibeneyo. Le yinkqubo engundoqo yokudibanisa amacandelo ekwenziweni kwesakhiwo sensimbi kwaye isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizakhiwo, iibhuloho, oomatshini, iinqanawa, kunye nezinye iindawo, ezichaza ngokuthe ngqo amandla, ukuzinza kunye nokhuseleko lwezakhiwo zetsimbi.
Ngokusekelwe kwimizobo yokwakha okanye ingxelo yokufaneleka kwenkqubo yokuwelda (PQR), chaza ngokucacileyo uhlobo lwe-weld joint, imilinganiselo ye-groove, imilinganiselo ye-weld, indawo ye-welding, kunye nebakala lomgangatho.
IPunching Processing
Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukwenza imingxuma ngoomatshini okanye ngokwasemzimbeni kumacandelo olwakhiwo lwentsimbi ahlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo. Le mingxuma isetyenziselwa ikakhulu ukudibanisa amacandelo, imibhobho yomzila, kunye nokufaka izixhobo. Yinkqubo ebalulekileyo kwimveliso yesakhiwo sentsimbi ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kwendibano yecandelo kunye namandla adibeneyo.
Ngokwemizobo yokwakha, chaza indawo yomngxuma (imilinganiselo yokulungelelanisa), ubuninzi, ububanzi, ubungakanani bokuchaneka (umzekelo, ukunyamezela kwe-± 1mm kwimingxuma yebholithi eqhelekileyo, ukunyamezela kwe-± 0.5mm kwimingxuma ephezulu yokuqina) kunye nohlobo lomngxuma (ojikelezayo, o-oblong, njl.). Yenza iimpawu zendawo yomngxuma kumphezulu wenxalenye ngesixhobo sokumakisha (umlinganiselo weteyiphu yentsimbi, usiba, isikwere okanye isampulu yepunch). Sebenzisa isampulu yesampulu ukwenza iindawo zokubeka imingxuma ebalulekileyo ukunceda ukuqinisekisa iindawo zokomba ezichanekileyo.
Uluhlu olubanzi lweenkqubo zonyango olungaphezulu luyafumanekaisakhiwo sentsimbi isakhiwo, ngokufanelekileyo ukuphucula ukubola kunye nokuxhathisa umhlwa, kunye nesibheno sabo sobuhle.
Ukugalelalukhetho lwakudala lokuxhathisa okugqwesileyo komhlwa.
Ukugquma umguboinika imibala etyebileyo kunye nokumelana nemozulu enamandla.
Epoxy ukutyabekainika ukumelana nokudleka okugqwesileyo kwaye ilungele iimeko ezingqongileyo ezinomngeni.
I-epoxy zinc-rich coatinginikeza ukhuseleko olusebenzayo lwe-electrochemical kunye nomxholo wayo ophezulu we-zinc.
Ukupeyintainikeza ukuguquguquka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zokuhombisa.
Ukugquma kweoli emnyamalukhetho lwezoqoqosho kwizicelo ezilula zokukhusela umhlwa.
Iqela lethu laphesheya kweelwandle elinobuchule bobunjineli bolwakhiwo kunye neengcali zobugcisa banamava amaninzi eprojekthi kunye nombono okhokelayo woyilo olunolwazi olomeleleyo lobuchwephesha bentsimbi kunye nemigangatho ehambelana nayo.
Iqhutywa yisoftware yoyilo oluphambili olunjeAuto CAD,I-TEKLAnjl. njl., siseka inkqubo yoyilo olubonakeleyo olupheleleyo lwemodeli ye-3D kunye nomzobo wobunjineli be-2D, ebonisa iinkcukacha zomlinganiselo wecandelo ngalinye, ulungelelwaniso oludibeneyo kunye noyilo lwesithuba. Iimveliso kunye neenkonzo zethu ziyafumaneka kuwo wonke umjikelo wobomi beprojekthi, ukusuka kuyilo lweskimu ukuya kwimizobo eneenkcukacha yolwakhiwo, ukusuka kulwakhiwo oludityanisiweyo oludibeneyo ukuya kuqinisekiso lobume obuphezulu. Siqhuba kakhulu iinkcukacha ngokuchaneka kwenqanaba le-millimeter, ukudibanisa ubugcisa kunye nengqiqo yokwakha.
Sisoloko sigxile kubathengi. Ngokusekwe kuthelekiso lwezikim ezijikelezileyo kunye nokusebenza ngoomatshini bokulinganisa, sibonelela ngezicwangciso zezoqoqosho ezilungelelanisiweyo ezijongene neendawo ezahlukeneyo zezicelo (iifektri zamashishini, izakhiwo zorhwebo, iibhulorho kunye neendlela zeplanga, njl.njl.). Ngaphantsi kokunyanzeliswa kokhuseleko lwesakhiwo, ukusetyenziswa kwezinto eziphathekayo kuyancitshiswa kwaye iinkqubo zokwakha zenziwe lula. Sinikezela ngeenkonzo zolandelelo olupheleleyo ezibandakanya ukuhanjiswa kwemizobo kwingcaciso yobugcisa kwisiza. Ubuchwephesha bethu buqinisekisa ukuphunyezwa okugudileyo kwayo yonke iprojekthi yokwakha intsimbi, kusenza sibe ngumhlobo othembekileyo woyilo lomthombo omnye.
Indlela yokupakisha yezakhiwo zetsimbi kufuneka imiselwe ngokusekelwe kwizinto ezifana nohlobo lwecandelo, ubungakanani, umgama wokuthutha, indawo yokugcina, kunye nokukhuselwa okufunekayo. Injongo kukuthintela i-deformation, irusi, kunye nomonakalo ngexesha lokuthutha kunye nokugcinwa.
Oku kulandelayo yindlela yokupakisha yesakhiwo sentsimbi:
1. Ukupakishwa okungenanto (Akupakishwanga)
Kuba: Amalungu amakhulu kunye nobunzima bentsimbi (njengeentsika zetsimbi, imiqadi, iitrasi ezinkulu).
Iimpawu: Ulibale malunga naluphi na uphahla olongezelelweyo lokupakisha, ungalayisha kwaye ukhulule ngezixhobo zokuphakamisa, ngokuthe ngqo. Kodwa iinxalenye kufuneka zibotshelelwe ngokuqinileyo phantsi kwezothutho ukunqanda ukugoqoza / ukuchaphazeleka.
Ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo: unokubonelela ngezigqubuthelo zexeshana okanye udibaniso lwecandelo lokusonga (imingxuma yebholiti, i-flange surface) ukukhusela ukungena kunye nomonakalo.
2. Ukupakishwa kweBundled
Ifanele: Amaqhekeza amancinci aphakathi amile okwentsimbi (njengentsimbi ye-engile, intsimbi yetshaneli, imibhobho yentsimbi kunye neepleyiti zokuqhagamshela ezincinci) ngobuninzi.
Qaphela: I-bundling akufanele iqine kakhulu. ibundling ikhululekile kakhulu kwaye ielementi ziya kutshintsha, ukuba ziqine kakhulu zinokubangela ukuguquka.
3. Ibhokisi yoMthi / iPackaging yeSakhelo soMthi
Iimeko eziSebenzayo: iinxalenye zentsimbi ezichanekileyo (amalungu omatshini: izihlanganisi ezichanekileyo, njl. njl.), iindawo ezibuthathaka (ezinje ngeebholiti kunye namandongomane) okanye iindawo zentsimbi ezifuna ukuthuthwa komgama omde okanye ukuthumela ngaphandle.
Iinzuzo: Ukhuseleko olukhulu, ukuba yedwa kwindawo engqongileyo, ukukhuselwa kwendalo, ukukhuselwa kuthutho olude kwindawo enzima.
4. Ukupakishwa koKhuseleko olulodwa
Kwi-Anti-corrosion: Xa ugcina iinxalenye zentsimbi okanye kwindawo efumileyo yokuthutha iindawo zentsimbi, ukusetyenzwa okuchasene nomhlwa kuyafuneka ngaphandle kweendlela zokusonga ezingaphezulu.
NgoKhuseleko lwe-Deformation: Xa upakisha intsimbi ebhityileyo kunye nencinci eludongeni (umzekelo, umqadi wensimbi obhityileyo, ilungu lentsimbi ebhityileyo), sebenzisa izixhaso ezongezelelweyo (umthi okanye izibiyeli zentsimbi) njengezinto zokupakisha, ukuphepha ukupakisha ukugoba kunye nokukhubazeka ngobunzima obungalinganiyo ngexesha lokuthutha kunye nokugcinwa.
Ezothutho:I-Express (Ukuhanjiswa kweSampuli), uMoya, uLoliwe, umhlaba, uloliwe, ukuhanjiswa kolwandle (i-FCL okanye i-LCL okanye uBuninzi)
Ukuqala ngonikezelo lwemveliso yakho iqela lethu leengcaphephe liyafumaneka ukukunceda ngokufakela ukubonelela ngenkxaso ekhawulezayo. Ukusuka ekuphuhliseni iishedyuli zofakelo kwisiza, ukuya kwiingcebiso zobugcisa bokuhambisa ngenqanawa kwimiba ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokwakha, ukuya ekusebenzisaneni kunye neqela lakho lokwakha, sizibophelele kufakelo olugudileyo, oluchanekileyo oluguqulela kwisimo esomeleleyo, esikhuselekileyo, sentsimbi.
Kwinqanaba lenkonzo yokuthengisa emva kwemveliso, sinikezela ngesikhokelo sokugcinwa kwemveliso ngokwecandelo lemveliso, kwaye siphendule ukubuza malunga nendlela yokunyamekela izixhobo kunye nobomi besakhiwo.
Ukuba unayo nayiphi na ingxaki yeemveliso zethu xa uzisebenzisa, iqela lasemva kokuthengisa liya kukunika impendulo ekhawulezayo, ngobuchule obuchwephesha kunye nesimo sengqondo esinoxanduva lokukunceda ukusombulula zonke iingxaki.
Umbuzo: Ngaba umenzi we-ua?
A: Ewe, singabenzi betyhubhu yentsimbi ejikelezayo ehlala kwilali yaseDaqiuzhuang, kwisixeko saseTianjin, eChina.
Umbuzo: Ndingayifumana iodolo yolingo kuphela iitoni ezininzi?
A: Ewe kunjalo. Singakuthumelela imithwalo nge-LCL serivece.(Umthwalo omncinci wesikhongozeli)
Q: Ukuba isampuli simahla?
A: Isampulu yasimahla, kodwa umthengi uhlawula imithwalo.
Umbuzo: Ngaba ungumthengisi wegolide kwaye wenza isiqinisekiso sorhwebo?
A: Thina iminyaka eyi-13 sibonelela ngegolide kwaye samkele isiqinisekiso sorhwebo.













