Iindaba - I-Oil Steel Pipe: Izinto, iiPropati, kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo

Kwishishini elikhulu leoli,I-oyile imibhobho yentsimbi idlala indima ebalulekileyo, isebenza njengeyona nto iphambili ekuhanjisweni kwe-oyile kunye negesi yendalo ukusuka kutsalo oluphantsi komhlaba ukuya kubasebenzisi bokugqibela. Ukususela kwimisebenzi yokugaya kwiindawo zeoli kunye negesi ukuya kuthutho lombhobho omde, iintlobo ezahlukeneyoI-oyile imibhobho yentsimbi, kunye nezinto zabo ezizodwa kunye neempawu, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwekhonkco loshishino lonke. Eli nqaku liza kugxila kwi-carbon steel pipe, i-seamless steel pipe, kunye ne-API 5L yentsimbi (umbhobho wensimbi odibana nemigangatho ye-API 5L), kuquka imizekelo eqhelekileyo efana ne-API 5L X70 pipe, i-API 5L X60 pipe, kunye ne-API 5L X52 ipayipi, inika intshayelelo eneenkcukacha kwizinto eziphathekayo, izakhiwo kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo beI-oyile imibhobho yentsimbi.

Umbhobho we-API 5L Umbhobho oBalulekileyo woThutho lwaMandla

Uhlalutyo Lwezinto eziphathekayo

1. Umbhobho wentsimbi yeCarbon

Umbhobho wentsimbi yeCarbon yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyoI-oyile imibhobho yentsimbi. Ngokuyinhloko iqulethwe yintsimbi kunye nekhabhoni, kunye nenani elincinci le-manganese, i-silicon, isulfure kunye ne-phosphorus. Umxholo wekhabhoni umisela amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi. Ngokubanzi, umxholo wekhabhoni ephezulu wonyusa amandla entsimbi, kodwa ukuqina kunye ne-weldability kuncipha. Kwishishini leoli, i-carbon steel pipe inika umsebenzi ogqwesileyo jikelele. Ayinamandla aphezulu kuphela okumelana noxinzelelo lweoyile kunye nokuthuthwa kwerhasi, kodwa inomlinganiselo othile wokuqina ukuziqhelanisa nemekobume yejoloji entsonkothileyo. Ngaphezu koko, umbhobho we-carbon steel unexabiso eliphantsi kwaye unikezela ngeendleko eziphezulu, okwenza ukuba isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimibhobho yeoli kunye negesi.

2. API 5L Steel Pipe Series Materials

I-API 5L ye-Steel Pipe yenziwa ngokwemigangatho ye-API 5L esekwe yi-American Petroleum Institute (API) kwaye isetyenziselwa ikakhulu kwimibhobho yeoli negesi. Olu chungechunge lombhobho wensimbi luhlelwa ngamabakala ahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kumandla ensimbi, njenge-X52, X60, kunye ne-X70. Ngokomzekelo, i-API 5L X52 Pipe yenziwe ngentsimbi ephantsi-amandla aphantsi. Ukongeza kwizinto ezisisiseko ezifana nekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi, ikwaqulethe izinto ezixutywayo ezifana ne-niobium, i-vanadium, kunye ne-titanium. Ukongezwa kwezi zinto zokudibanisa kwandisa kakhulu amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi, ngelixa kuphucula ukuwelda kunye nokuxhathisa ukubola. Izinto ze-Api 5l X60 Pipe kunye ne-Api 5l X70 Pipe ziphuculwe ngakumbi ngokusekelwe kwesi siseko. Ngokulungelelanisa umlinganiselo we-alloying element kunye nenkqubo yokunyanga ukushisa, amandla ensimbi kunye nokusebenza ngokubanzi kuphuculwe ngakumbi, okwenza ukuba ihlangabezane neemfuno zokuthutha ioli kunye negesi phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezinzima.

3. Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo

Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo wenziwa ngeenkqubo ezifana nokugqobhoza kunye nokuqengqeleka kombhobho. Izinto zayo eziyimfuneko zifana nombhobho we-carbon steel okhankanywe ngasentla kunye ne-Api 5l series pipe yensimbi, kodwa uhlobo olulodwa lwenkqubo yokuvelisa inika inzuzo ekhethekileyo. Umbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo awunayo i-welds eludongeni lwayo, okukhokelela kwisakhiwo esifanayo kunye namandla aphezulu. Inokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neemeko zemo engqongileyo eziqatha. Ke ngoko, isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo kwishishini leoli kwizicelo ezifuna ukusebenza okuphezulu, njengoxinzelelo oluphezulu lweoyile kunye nemibhobho yegesi kunye neentloko zemithombo.

Iipropati kunye neempawu

1. Amandla

Amandla yipropati ephambili yemibhobho yeoli, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lwabo ngexesha lokuthutha ioli kunye negesi. Umgangatho wamandla we-API 5l uchungechunge lwemibhobho yensimbi luboniswa ngenani elilandela "X." Umzekelo, i-X52 ibonisa ubuncinci besivuno samandla angama-52 ksi (iikhilogram nge-intshi yesikwere), ilingana malunga ne-360 MPa kwii-megapascals; I-X60 inobuncinane besivuno samandla angama-60 ksi (malunga ne-414 MPa); kwaye i-X70 inamandla okuvelisa ubuncinci be-70 ksi (malunga ne-483 MPa). Njengoko ibakala lamandla linyuka, uxinzelelo lombhobho unokumelana nokunyuka ngokufanelekileyo, okwenza kube lula kwimibhobho yeoli kunye negesi eneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo. Umbhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo, ngenxa yesakhiwo sayo esifanayo kunye nokusabalalisa amandla okuzinzile, wenza ngcono xa umelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu.

2. Ukuchasa ukuMdla

Ukuthuthwa kwe-oyile kunye negesi yendalo kunokuba nemithombo yeendaba ezonakalisayo ezifana ne-hydrogen sulfide kunye ne-carbon dioxide, ngoko ke imibhobho yeoli kufuneka ibe nenqanaba elithile lokumelana nokuhlwa. Umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni ngokwendalo unokumelana nokuthotywa okubuthathaka, kodwa ukuxhathisa kwayo kungaphuculwa ngokubonakalayo ngokudibanisa izinto ezixubeneyo (ezifana nechromium kunye nemolybdenum kuthotho lwe-Api 5l) kunye nokusebenzisa umphezulu wonyango lokuchasa umhlwa (njengezinto zokugquma kunye nokucwenga). Ngoyilo lwemathiriyeli efanelekileyo kunye nokucubungula, i-Api 5l X70 Pipe, i-X60 Pipe, kunye ne-X52 Pipe, phakathi kwezinye, zigcina ubomi benkonzo ende kwiindawo ezinobungozi.

3. Ukuweldability

Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwemibhobho ye-oyile, imibhobho yentsimbi kufuneka idityaniswe nge-welding, yenze ukuba ukuwelda kube luphawu olubalulekileyo lombhobho wentsimbi we-oyile. Api 5l series umbhobho yentsimbi yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuwelda okugqwesileyo, ukuqinisekisa ukomelela kunye nokuqina kwamalungu adityanisiweyo. Iiwelds ezikumgangatho ophezulu nazo zinokufezekiswa ngombhobho we-carbon steel kunye nombhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo usebenzisa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuwelda.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-oyile ye-oyile, umahluko kwimibhobho ye-API, kunye neempawu

Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo

1. Ububanzi bangaphandle

Imibhobho yentsimbi yombhobho we-oyile iza kuluhlu olubanzi lweedayamitha zangaphandle ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zothutho ezahlukeneyo. Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo bedayamitha yangaphandle ye-Api 5L imibhobho yentsimbi yochungechunge ibandakanya i-114.3mm (4 intshi), 168.3mm (6.625 intshi), 219.1mm (8.625 intshi), 273.1mm (10.75 intshi), 323.9mm (12.75 intshi), 46mm (12.75 intshi), 46 mm intshi), 457.2mm (18 intshi), 508mm (20 intshi), 559mm (22 intshi), kunye 610mm (24 intshi). Ubukhulu bangaphandle bedayamitha yeepayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo ziyafana nezo ze-Api 5L series, kodwa ubungakanani obungengabo obuqhelekileyo bunokuveliswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi.

2. Ukutyeba kweendonga

Ubukhulu bendonga yinto ephambili echaphazela amandla kunye nomthamo womthwalo wemibhobho yentsimbi. Ubunzima bodonga lwemibhobho yensimbi ye-petroleum buhluka ngokuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo woxinzelelo kunye neemfuno zesicelo. Ukuthatha umbhobho we-API 5L X52 njengomzekelo, kububanzi obungaphandle be-114.3mm, ubukhulu bodonga obuqhelekileyo bubandakanya i-4.0mm, 4.5mm, kunye ne-5.0mm. Kububanzi obungaphandle be-219.1mm, ubukhulu bodonga bunokuba yi-6.0mm, 7.0mm, okanye 8.0mm. Imibhobho ye-API 5L X60 kunye ne-X70, ngenxa yeemfuno zayo eziphezulu zamandla, idla ngokuba neendonga ezityebileyo kunemibhobho engu-X52 yobukhulu obufanayo obungaphandle ukuqinisekisa amandla aneleyo kunye nokhuseleko. Ubunzima bodonga lombhobho wensimbi ongenamthungo bunokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo zokuvelisa kunye neemfuno zabathengi, ukusuka kwi-2mm ukuya kwii-millimeters eziliqela.

3. Ubude

Ubude obuqhelekileyo bombhobho wentsimbi yepetroleum ngokuqhelekileyo ziimitha ezi-6, iimitha ezili-12, njl., ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuthutha kunye nokwakhiwa. Kwizicelo zangempela, ubude besithethe bunokuveliswa ngokusekwe kwiimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi yombhobho, ukunciphisa ukusika kwisayithi kunye nomthwalo welding kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokwakhiwa.

Isishwankathelo, izinto eziphathekayo, iipropati, kunye nemilinganiselo eqhelekileyo yeI-oyile imibhobho yentsimbi yimiba ephambili kuyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Umbhobho weCarbon Steel, iSeamless Steel Pipe, kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi kwiApi 5l Steel Pipeseries, ezifana X70, X60, kunye X52, ngalinye lidlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeI-oyile ishishini ngenxa yeenzuzo zabo ezizodwa. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lweI-oyile ishishini, intsebenzo kunye neemfuno zomgangatho weI-oyile imibhobho yentsimbi iya iqina ngakumbi. Kwixesha elizayo, ngaphezulu kokusebenza okuphezuluI-oyile imibhobho yensimbi iya kuphuhliswa kwaye isetyenziswe ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeemeko zokusebenza ezinzima kunye nokude, ukuthuthwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu.