Iindaba - Umbhobho weNsimbi yeoyile: Izixhobo, iiPropati, kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo

Kwishishini elikhulu leoyile,Ioyile Iipayipi zentsimbi zidlala indima ebalulekileyo, zisebenza njengomthwali ophambili ekuhanjisweni kweoyile kunye negesi yendalo ukusuka ekutsalweni komhlaba ukuya kubasebenzisi bokugqibela. Ukususela kwimisebenzi yokugrumba kwiindawo zeoyile kunye negesi ukuya ekuthuthweni kwemibhobho emide, iintlobo ezahlukeneyoIoyile imibhobho yentsimbi, ngezixhobo kunye neempawu zazo ezizodwa, ziqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nangokufanelekileyo kwekhonkco lonke leshishini. Eli nqaku liza kugxila kumbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni, umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo, kunye nombhobho wentsimbi we-API 5L (umbhobho wentsimbi ohlangabezana nemigangatho ye-API 5L), kubandakanya imizekelo eqhelekileyo efana nombhobho we-API 5L X70, umbhobho we-API 5L X60, kunye nombhobho we-API 5L X52, ukubonelela ngentshayelelo eneenkcukacha kwizixhobo, iimpawu, kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo beIoyile imibhobho yentsimbi.

Ipayipi ye-API 5L Umbhobho oBalulekileyo woThutho lwaMandla

Uhlalutyo lwezinto

1. Umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni

Umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni yenye yezona zinto zisetyenziswa kakhuluIoyile Imibhobho yentsimbi. Ngokuyintloko yenziwe ngentsimbi kunye nekhabhoni, kunye nenani elincinci le-manganese, i-silicon, i-sulfur, kunye ne-phosphorus. Umxholo wekhabhoni umisela amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi. Ngokubanzi, umxholo ophezulu wekhabhoni unyusa amandla entsimbi, kodwa ukuqina kunye nokudityaniswa kwentsimbi kuncipha. Kwishishini leoyile, umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni unika ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu. Awunawo nje amandla aphezulu okumelana noxinzelelo lokuthuthwa kweoyile kunye negesi, kodwa ukwanawo nomgangatho othile wokuqina ukuze ukwazi ukuziqhelanisa neendawo ezintsonkothileyo zejoloji. Ngaphezu koko, umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni ubiza kancinci kwaye unika ukusebenza kakuhle kweendleko, okwenza ukuba usetyenziswe kakhulu kwimibhobho yeoyile kunye negesi.

2. Izixhobo zothotho lwePipe yentsimbi ye-API 5L

I-API 5L Steel Pipe yenziwe ngokwemigangatho ye-API 5L esekwe yi-American Petroleum Institute (API) kwaye isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiipayipi zeoyile negesi. Olu luhlu lweepayipi zentsimbi luhlulwe ngokwamanqanaba ahlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kumandla entsimbi, njenge-X52, X60, kunye ne-X70. Umzekelo, i-API 5L X52 Pipe yenziwe ngentsimbi enamandla aphezulu aphantsi kwe-alloy. Ukongeza kwizinto ezisisiseko ezifana nekhabhoni kunye nesinyithi, ikwaqulathe izinto ze-alloying ezifana ne-niobium, vanadium, kunye ne-titanium. Ukongezwa kwezi zinto ze-alloying kuphucula kakhulu amandla kunye nokuqina kwentsimbi, ngelixa kuphucula ukuwelda kwayo kunye nokumelana nokugqwala. Izinto ze-Api 5l X60 Pipe kunye ne-Api 5l X70 Pipe ziphuculwa ngakumbi ngokusekelwe kwesi siseko. Ngokulungisa umlinganiselo we-alloying element kunye nenkqubo yonyango lobushushu, amandla entsimbi kunye nokusebenza kwayo iyonke kuphuculwe ngakumbi, okwenza ukuba ikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zothutho lweoyile negesi phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neemeko zokusebenza ezinzima ngakumbi.

3. Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo

Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo wenziwa ngeenkqubo ezifana nokugqobhoza kunye nokuqengqeleka kwepayipi. Izinto zayo zifana kakhulu nombhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni okhankanywe ngaphambili kunye nombhobho wentsimbi we-Api 5l series, kodwa indlela eyahlukileyo yenkqubo yayo yokuvelisa iyinika iingenelo ezikhethekileyo. Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo awunazo ii-welds eludongeni lwawo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ube nesakhiwo esifanayo kunye namandla aphezulu. Unokumelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo ezinzima. Ke ngoko, isetyenziswa kakhulu kwishishini leoyile kwizicelo ezifuna ukusebenza okuphezulu, njengemibhobho yeoyile negesi enoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neentloko zemithombo.

Iimpawu kunye neempawu

1. Amandla

Amandla yimpawu ephambili yemibhobho yeoyile, echaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukhuseleko lwayo ngexesha lokuthuthwa kweoyile negesi. Umgangatho wamandla wemibhobho yentsimbi ye-API 5l uboniswa linani elilandela "X." Umzekelo, i-X52 ibonisa amandla amancinci okuvelisa angama-52 ksi (iikhilogram nge-intshi yesikwere), elingana ne-360 MPa kwiimegapascals; i-X60 inamandla amancinci okuvelisa angama-60 ksi (malunga ne-414 MPa); kwaye i-X70 inamandla amancinci okuvelisa angama-70 ksi (malunga ne-483 MPa). Njengoko umgangatho wamandla usanda, uxinzelelo olunokumelana nalo mbhobho luyanda ngokufanelekileyo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba ifaneleke kwimibhobho yeoyile negesi eneemfuno ezahlukeneyo zoxinzelelo. Umbhobho wentsimbi ongenamthungo, ngenxa yesakhiwo sawo esifanayo kunye nokusasazwa kwamandla okuzinzileyo, usebenza ngcono xa umelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu.

2. Ukumelana nokugqwala

Ukuthuthwa kweoyile negesi yendalo kusenokuba nezinto ezibangela ukubola ezifana ne-hydrogen sulfide kunye ne-carbon dioxide, ngoko ke imibhobho yeoyile kufuneka ibe nenqanaba elithile lokulwa nokubola. Umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni ngokwemvelo unokumelana nokubola okubuthathaka, kodwa ukumelana nokubola kwawo kunokuphuculwa kakhulu ngokongeza izinto ezixutyiweyo (ezifana ne-chromium kunye ne-molybdenum kuthotho lwe-Api 5l) kunye nokusebenzisa unyango lokulwa nokubola kumphezulu (ezifana nokugquma kunye nokugquma). Ngokuyila nokucubungula izinto ezifanelekileyo, i-Api 5l X70 Pipe, i-X60 Pipe, kunye ne-X52 Pipe, phakathi kwezinye, zigcina ubomi obude benkonzo kwiindawo ezibangela ukubola.

3. Ukudityaniswa

Ngexesha lokwakhiwa kwemibhobho yeoyile, imibhobho yentsimbi kufuneka idityaniswe ngokuwelda, nto leyo eyenza ukuwelda kube luphawu olubalulekileyo lombhobho wentsimbi yombhobho yeoyile. Umbhobho wentsimbi we-Api 5l series wenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuwelda okugqwesileyo, ukuqinisekisa amandla kunye nokuqina kwamalungu awelding. Ukuwelda okusemgangathweni ophezulu kunokufezekiswa nombhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo kusetyenziswa iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokuwelda.

Funda ngakumbi malunga nokusetyenziswa kwe-oyile casing, umahluko kwimibhobho ye-API, kunye neempawu

Ubungakanani obuqhelekileyo

1. Ububanzi obungaphandle

Iipayipi zentsimbi zepayipi yeoyile ziza kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo zeedayamitha zangaphandle ukuhlangabezana neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zothutho. Ubukhulu obuqhelekileyo beedayamitha zangaphandle zeepayipi zentsimbi ze-Api 5L ziquka i-114.3mm (4 intshi), i-168.3mm (6.625 intshi), i-219.1mm (8.625 intshi), i-273.1mm (10.75 intshi), i-323.9mm (12.75 intshi), i-355.6mm (14 intshi), i-406.4mm (16 intshi), i-457.2mm (18 intshi), i-508mm (20 intshi), i-559mm (22 intshi), kunye ne-610mm (24 intshi). Ubukhulu beedayamitha zangaphandle zeepayipi zentsimbi ezingenamthungo bufana nobo boluhlu lwe-Api 5L, kodwa ubungakanani obungengomgangatho bunokuveliswa ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zabathengi.

2. Ubukhulu bodonga

Ubukhulu bodonga yinto ephambili echaphazela amandla kunye nomthamo wokuthwala umthwalo weepayipi zentsimbi. Ubukhulu bodonga lweepayipi zentsimbi yepetroleum buyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo woxinzelelo kunye neemfuno zesicelo. Ukuthatha umbhobho we-API 5L X52 njengomzekelo, kububanzi bangaphandle obuyi-114.3mm, ubukhulu bodonga obuqhelekileyo buquka i-4.0mm, 4.5mm, kunye ne-5.0mm. Kububanzi bangaphandle obuyi-219.1mm, ubukhulu bodonga bunokuba yi-6.0mm, 7.0mm, okanye i-8.0mm. Iipayipi ze-API 5L X60 kunye ne-X70, ngenxa yeemfuno zazo zamandla aphezulu, zihlala zineendonga ezijiyileyo kuneepayipi ze-X52 zobubanzi obufanayo bangaphandle ukuqinisekisa amandla aneleyo kunye nokhuseleko. Ubukhulu bodonga lombhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo bunokulawulwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo zemveliso kunye neemfuno zabathengi, ukusuka kwi-2mm ukuya kwi-milimitha eliqela.

3. Ubude

Ubude obuqhelekileyo bombhobho wentsimbi yepetroleum ngokubanzi ziimitha ezi-6, iimitha ezili-12, njl.njl., ukuze kube lula ukuthuthwa nokwakhiwa. Kwizicelo zokwenyani, ubude obulungiselelwe wena bunokuveliswa ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno ezithile zeprojekthi yombhobho, ukunciphisa umthwalo wokusika nokuwelda kwindawo kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokwakha.

Ngamafutshane, izinto, iimpawu, kunye nobukhulu obuqhelekileyo beIoyile imibhobho yentsimbi zizinto ezibalulekileyo kuyilo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwayo. Umbhobho wentsimbi yekhabhoni, umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo, kunye nemibhobho yentsimbi kwiUmbhobho wentsimbi ye-Api 5luthotho, olufana ne-X70, X60, kunye ne-X52, ngalunye ludlala indima ebalulekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeIoyile imboni ngenxa yeenzuzo zayo ezikhethekileyo. Ngophuhliso oluqhubekayo lweIoyile ishishini, ukusebenza kunye neemfuno zomgangathoIoyile Imibhobho yentsimbi iya isiba ngqongqo ngakumbi. Kwixesha elizayo, ukusebenza okuphezulu ngakumbiIoyile kuza kuphuhliswa kwaye kusetyenziswe imibhobho yentsimbi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zeemeko zokusebenza ezinzima kunye nokuthuthwa koxinzelelo oluphezulu nomgama omde.