Inkqubo yokuveliswa kwesakhiwo sensimbi ibandakanya uchungechunge lokucutshungulwa, ukuhlanganisana, kunye nonyango ukuvelisa amacandelo ensimbi yesakhiwo ahlangabezana neemfuno zokuyila. Oku kubandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi anobulumko. Oku kulandelayo yinkcazo eneenkcukacha yenkqubo:

1. ISigaba sokuLungiselela iSigaba sokuqala

Uphononongo loyilo kunye nokuzoba
Ngokusekelwe kwiimfuno zeprojekthi (ezifana nesakhiwo sokwakha kunye neemfuno zomthwalo), i-firm firm design igqibezela inkcazo ecacileyo yesakhiwo sensimbi, kubandakanywa nemilinganiselo yecandelo, iindlela zokudibanisa, kunye neentlobo zezinto eziphathekayo (ezifana ne-Q235 kunye ne-Q355).
Ukuphononongwa komzobo kuququzelelwe phakathi koyilo, imveliso, kunye namaqela okwakha ukuqinisekisa uqikelelo loyilo, ukwenzeka kwenkqubo, kunye neemfuno zokuchaneka komgangatho ukuphepha iimpazamo zemveliso ezilandelayo.

Ukuthengwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye noHlolo
Insimbi (njengamacwecwe ensimbi, amacandelo ensimbi, iipayipi zetsimbi), izinto ze-welding (i-electrodes, ucingo, i-flux), kunye ne-fasteners (iibholiti kunye namantongomane) zithengwa ngokweemfuno zokudweba.
Izinto eziluhlaza zihlolwe umgangatho, kubandakanywa ukuqinisekiswa kwezatifikethi zezinto eziphathekayo, ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo (kwiziphene ezifana nokuqhekeka kunye nokugqwala), uvavanyo lwepropathi yomatshini (uvavanyo lwe-tensile kunye ne-bend), kunye nohlalutyo lwe-chemical composition ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yelizwe (njenge-GB / T 700 kunye ne-GB / T 1591).

II. Inqanaba loLungiselelo kunye nokuVeliswa

1. Ukusika
Injongo: Sika imathiriyeli ekrwada kwizithuba ezifunekayo ngokwemilinganiselo yomzobo.
Iinkqubo eziqhelekileyo:
Ukusika iFlame: Ilungele iipleyiti zentsimbi ezishinyeneyo, ixabiso eliphantsi kodwa ukuchaneka okuphantsi.
Ukusika kwePlasma: Ifanelekile kwiiplate ezincinci, insimbi engenasici, njl., kunye nesantya sokusika ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuchaneka okuphezulu.
I-CNC Cutting: Iindlela zokusika ezilawulwa yikhompyutha zifezekisa ukuchaneka kwe-±1mm kwaye zifanelekile kumacandelo anzima.
Izilumkiso: IiBurrs kunye ne-slag kufuneka zisuswe emva kokusikwa ukuphepha ukuchaphazela ukusetyenzwa okulandelayo.

2. Ukulungelelanisa kunye noKubumba
Ukolula: Intsimbi inokonakala xa iqengqeleka, ithuthwa, okanye isikwa. Oku kufuna ukulungiswa koomatshini (okufana nokulungiswa kwe-roller) okanye ukulungiswa kwelangatye (ukufudumeza kwendawo okulandelwa kukupholisa) ukuyibuyisela kumgca othe ngqo.
Ukubumba: Ukwenziwa kwezinto ezifuna ukugoba okanye ukubunjwa okukhethekileyo, okunje:
Ukuqengqeleka kwepleyiti: Ukuqengqeleka iipleyiti zentsimbi zibe ityhubhu ezingqukuva okanye izinto ezigobileyo (ezifana needomes zasefektri).
Ukugoba ngokucinezela: Ukugoba iipleyiti zentsimbi zibe ngamacandelo asekunene okanye abukhali njengeengile kunye ne-U-channel.
Ucinezelo: Sebenzisa ii-dies ukucinezela iindawo ezigobileyo ezintsonkothileyo okanye iindawo ezinokwakheka okukhethekileyo (ezinje ngebhulorho edibeneyo).

3. Ukulungiswa komda kunye nokuBunjwa komngxuma
Ukusetyenzwa komda: Ukucola nokucwangciswa kwemijelo ye-weld kunye nobuso besiphelo ukuqinisekisa umgangatho we-weld (umzekelo, ii-angles zegroove kunye ne-edge edge dimensions zihlangabezana neemfuno zoyilo).
Ukwenziwa komngxuma: Ibholithi kunye nemingxuma yezikhonkwane zenziwa ngoomatshini kusetyenziswa umatshini wokucoca, ipunch, okanye izixhobo zokomba zeCNC. Ukuchaneka kwe-diameter (ngokuqhelekileyo i-H12 ibakala) kunye nokuchaneka kwendawo (i-hole pitch deviation ≤ ± 1mm) iyafuneka ukukhusela ukufakwa kwe-bolt ngexesha lofakelo.

4. INdibano (iNdibano)
Ukudibanisa amalungu amaninzi abe ngamacandelo (umz., imiqadi, iintsika, iitrasi) ngokweenkcukacha zomzobo. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ziquka:
I-Tack Welding: Ukukhusela okwethutyana iinxalenye ezinenani elincinci le-welds ukuqinisekisa ubungakanani bendibano.
Ukulungiswa: Sebenzisa iijigi ezikhethekileyo kunye nezixhobo zokuqinisekisa ukuqina kwecandelo kunye nokuhambelana (umzekelo, iwebhu kunye ne-flange yekholomu yentsimbi kufuneka idityaniswe kwi-angle ye-90 °). Imilinganiselo ebalulekileyo, njengobude becandelo kunye nokuphambuka kwe-diagonal, kufuneka ihlolwe ngokusebenzisa izixhobo ezifana nemilinganiselo yeteyiphu kunye nezitishi ezipheleleyo.

5. Ukuwelda
Inkqubo engundoqo: Ukudibanisa ngokusisigxina iinxalenye ezidityanisiweyo nge-welding. Iindlela eziqhelekileyo ze-welding:
I-arc welding ye-Manual: I-Flexible kwaye ifanelekile kumalungu anzima, kodwa ayisebenzi kakuhle.
I-arc ye-arc efakwe emanzini: Ifanelekile kwii-welds ezinde ezithe tye (ezifana ne-butting plates yensimbi), kunye neqondo eliphezulu lokuzenzekelayo kunye nomgangatho we-weld ongaguqukiyo.
I-gas shielded welding (i-CO₂ welding, i-argon arc welding): Ifanele iipleyiti ezincinci kunye nezixhobo zensimbi ezingenasici, kunye nokuphazamiseka okuncinci.
Ukulawulwa komgangatho: Ukushisa kwangaphambili kuyafuneka phambi kwe-welding (kwiipleyiti ezishinyeneyo okanye iintsimbi eziphantsi kwe-alloy). Uvavanyo olungonakalisi (uvavanyo lwe-UT ultrasonic, uvavanyo lwe-MT magnetic particle) luyafuneka emva kwe-welding ukujonga iziphene ezifana nokuqhekeka kunye neepores.

6. UkuWelding Ukuqondisa
Emva kwe-welding, amacandelo anokukhubazeka (okufana nokugoba okanye ukujija) ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwe-thermal. Ukulungiswa komatshini okanye i-flame straightening kuyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukuchaneka kwecandelo kunye ne-perpendicularity kuhambelana neenkcukacha (umzekelo, ukuphambuka kwekholamu ye-perpendicularity ≤ H / 1000 kunye ne-≤15mm).

III. I-Post-Processing

Unyango loMphezulu
Ukususwa komhlwa: Susa isikali kunye nomhlwa kumphezulu wentsimbi ngokuqhushumba kwesanti (ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nokususwa ngokucokisekileyo kwerusi), ukuchola, okanye ukupolisha ngesandla ukuze ufezekise i-Sa2.5 (kufuphi-mhlophe) okanye i-St3 (ukususwa ngokucokisekileyo kwerusi ngesandla).
Ukwambathisa: Faka i-primer (ukuthintela umhlwa), idyasi ephakathi (ukwandisa ubukhulu), kunye ne-topcoat (ukuhlobisa kunye nokumelana nemozulu). Ubukhulu bokwambathisa kufuneka buhlangabezane neemfuno zoyilo (umzekelo, ubukhulu bubonke ≥ 120μm kwizakhiwo zentsimbi zangaphandle). Kwiindawo ezikhethekileyo (umzekelo, iikhemikhali kunye neendawo zaselwandle), ii-anti-corrosion coatings (umzekelo, ipeyinti etyebileyo ye-epoxy zinc) ingasetyenziswa.

Uhlolo lokugqibela
Uhlolo olubanzi lwemilinganiselo yecandelo, inkangeleko, umgangatho we-welding, kunye nobukhulu bokugquma kwenziwa, kwaye ingxelo yomgangatho ikhutshwa.
Amacandelo abalulekileyo (umzekelo, iibhulorho zeebhokisi zentsimbi kunye neentsika zentsimbi eziphakamileyo) zivavanywa ngomthwalo okanye ukubalwa komthamo wokuthwala.

Ukubala kunye nokuPakisha: Amalungu afakwe iinombolo ngokomyalelo wofakelo ukuze kube lula ukuphakanyiswa kwendawo kunye nokudibanisa.
Khusela iindawo ezibuthathaka (umzekelo, imingxuma yeebholiti kunye neekona ezibukhali) ngezikhuselo ezikhuselayo. Khusela amacandelo amakhulu ngeentambo zocingo ukukhusela i-deformation okanye umonakalo ngexesha lokuthutha.

IV. UThutho kunye noLungelelaniso loFakelo
Ngexesha lokuthutha, izithuthi ezifanelekileyo (ii-flatbeds, trailers) kufuneka zikhethwe ngokusekelwe kubukhulu becandelo. Amacandelo amakhulu afuna imvume yokuthuthwa ngokugqithisileyo.
Siza kubonelela ngemizobo yofakelo kunye noluhlu lwamacandelo, kwaye sincedise ngokuphakanyiswa kwendawo kunye nokubekwa kwindawo ukujongana nokunxaxha kobukhulu ngexesha lofakelo.