IiNtengiso zikaloliwe ezithengiswayo eTshayina i-Q235 R50 R65 iingoma zikaloliwe zeNjongo yoRhwebo
umkhondo imathiriyeliziqhele ukwenziwa ngokobude obuqhelekileyo obuzinyawo ezingama-30, iinyawo ezingama-39, okanye iinyawo ezingama-60, nangona iireyile ezinde zinokuveliswa kwiiprojekthi ezithile. Olona hlobo luxhaphakileyo lwentsimbi kaloliwe olusetyenziswa kumzila kaloliwe lwaziwa ngokuba nguloliwe onomzantsi osicaba, onesiseko esisicaba kunye namacala amabini aneengile. Ubunzima bomzila kaloliwe, owaziwa ngokuba yi "poundage," iyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwiimfuno ezithile zomgaqo kaloliwe.
Inkqubo yemveliso yeimizila kaloliweibandakanya amanyathelo amaninzi, kuquka:
- Ukulungiswa kwezinto eziluhlaza: Ukuveliswa kweentsimbi zetsimbi kuqala ngokukhethwa kunye nokulungiswa kwezinto eziphathekayo, ngokuqhelekileyo iibhilidi zensimbi eziphezulu. Ezi bhilithi zenziwe ngentsimbi ekrwada kunye nezinye izongezelelo, ezifana nekalika kunye necoke, ezinyibilikiswa kwiziko eliqhumayo ukuze kuvele intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo.
- Ukubunjwa ngokuqhubekayo: Intsimbi etyhidiweyo idluliselwa kumatshini oqhubekayo wokuphosa, apho igalelwa kwimibundo ukuze yenze imicu emide eqhubekayo ebizwa ngokuba ziibhilithi. Ezi bhilithi ziqhelekile kubuxande kwaye zibonelela ngemathiriyeli yokuqalaumzila kaloliwe intsimbiinkqubo yemveliso.
- Ukufudumeza kunye nokuqengqeleka: Iibhilithi ziphinda zifudunyezwe kwisithando somlilo esivumela ukuba zibunjwe ngokulula kwaye ziqengqeleke. Zithi ke zigqithwe kuthotho lwezingqusho eziqengqelekayo, ezisebenzisa uxinzelelo olukhulu lokubumba iibhilithi zibe kwiprofayile kaloliwe efunwayo. Inkqubo yokuqengqeleka ibandakanya ukuphinda-phinda okuphindaphindiweyo kokudlulisa iibhilithi kwii-rolling Mills ukuze zibunjwe ngokuthe ngcembe zibe ziintsimbi.
- Ukupholisa kunye nokusika: Emva kwenkqubo yokuqengqeleka, iumzila kaloliwe intsimbizipholile kwaye zisikwe kubude obufunekayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo zisikwa zibe ubude obuqhelekileyo beenyawo ze-30, iinyawo ze-39, okanye i-60 yeenyawo, nangona iileyili ezinde zinokuveliswa kwiiprojekthi ezithile.
- Ukuhlolwa kunye nonyango: Iireyili ezigqityiweyo zihlolwa ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yoshishino kunye neenkcukacha. Iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo, ezinje ngemilinganiselo yobukhulu, uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, kunye novavanyo lomatshini, lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nokuthembeka koololiwe. Naziphi na iziphene okanye iziphene zichongiwe kwaye ziqwalaselwe.
- Unyango lomphezulu: Ukwandisa ukuqina kunye nokunganyangeki kwe-corrosion of rails, banokungena kwiinkqubo zonyango ezingaphezulu. Oku kunokubandakanya ukufaka iingubo ezikhuselayo, ezifana nepeyinti echasene ne-corrosion okanye i-galvanization, ukukhusela i-rust kunye ne-corrosion, ngokwandisa ixesha lokuphila kweereyili.
- Ukuhlolwa kokugqibela kunye nokupakishwa: Emva kokuba iireyili zilungisiwe kwaye ziphumelele ukuhlolwa kokugqibela, zipakishwe ngononophelo ukuze zihanjiswe kwiindawo zokwakha zikaloliwe. Ukupakishwa kwenzelwe ukukhusela iileyili kuwo nawuphi na umonakalo ngexesha lokuhamba.
Iimbonakalo
umzila kaloliweziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo kaloliwe kwaye zineempawu ezininzi eziphambili:
1. Ukomelela kunye noKuhlala ixesha elide: Iintsimbi zentsimbi zenziwe ngentsimbi ephezulu, ebanika amandla abalaseleyo kunye nokuqina. Ziyilelwe ukuba zimelane nemithwalo enzima, iimpembelelo eziqhubekayo, kunye neemeko zemozulu ezinzima ngaphandle kokuguqulwa okubalulekileyo okanye umonakalo.
2. Umthamo ophezulu wokuthwala imithwalo: Iintsimbi zentsimbi zenziwe ngobunjineli ukuxhasa ubunzima bezitimela kunye nemithwalo yazo. Bangakwazi ukuphatha imithwalo enzima kwaye basasaze ubunzima ngokulinganayo, ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli komkhondo okanye ukuguqulwa.
3. Nxiba ukuchasana: Iintsimbi zentsimbi zinokumelana okuphezulu kokugqoka kunye nokubetha. Oku kubalulekile njengoko oololiwe behlala bebaleka kwiintsimbi, kubangela ukukhuhlana kunye nokuguga ngokuhamba kwexesha. Intsimbi esetyenziswe kwimveliso kaloliwe ikhethwe ngokukodwa ngenxa yokukwazi ukumelana nokugqoka kunye nokugcina imilo yayo kwixesha elide lokusetyenziswa okuqhubekayo.
4. Ukuchaneka koMda kaloliwe: Iintsimbi zentsimbi zenziwa ukuba zikwazi ukumelana nobukhulu obungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuhambelana nokusebenza kakuhle namanye amacandelo kaloliwe, anje ngeendawo zikaloliwe, izibophelelo ezinqamlezileyo, nezibophelelo. Oku kuvumela ukuhamba ngokungenamthungo koololiwe ecaleni kwendlela kwaye kunciphisa umngcipheko wokuphazamiseka okanye ukuphazamiseka.
5. I-Corrosion Resistance: Iintsimbi zentsimbi zihlala ziphathwa ngeengubo ezikhuselayo okanye zifakwe kwi-galvanization ukuze zikhulise ukuxhathisa kwazo ekudlekeni. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinobumanzi obuphezulu, ubume bemeko-bume enomhlwa, okanye ukuchanabeka emanzini, njengoko umhlwa unokuwenza buthathaka iireyile kwaye ubeke esichengeni isidima sabo sesakhiwo.
6. Ubomi obude: Iintsimbi zentsimbi zinobomi obude benkonzo, nto leyo enegalelo kwindleko eyongayo yeziseko zoncedo zikaloliwe. Ngokugcinwa okufanelekileyo kunye nokuhlolwa kwamaxesha athile, iintsimbi zentsimbi zingahlala amashumi eminyaka ngaphambi kokuba zifune ukutshintshwa.
7. Ukumiswa komgangatho: Iintsimbi zentsimbi zenziwe ngokwemigangatho yoshishino kunye neenkcukacha ezichazwe yimibutho efana ne-American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) okanye i-International Union of Railways (UIC). Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba iintsimbi zentsimbi ezivela kubavelisi abahlukeneyo zinokutshintshaniswa ngokulula kwaye zihlanganiswe kwiinkqubo zomzila kaloliwe ezikhoyo.
Isicelo
Iintsimbi zentsimbi zisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwemizila kaloliwe, evumela oololiwe ukuba bathuthe abakhweli kunye nempahla ngokufanelekileyo. Nangona kunjalo, banezinye izicelo ezininzi ngokunjalo:
1. I-Tram kunye ne-Light Rail Systems: Iintsimbi zensimbi zisetyenziselwa kwii-tram kunye ne-light rail systems ukukhokela amavili eenqwelo ezihamba kwindlela ekhethiweyo. Ezi nkqubo ziqhele ukufunyanwa kwiindawo zasezidolophini kwaye zibonelela ngezothutho phakathi kwezixeko needolophu.
2. Iingoma zoShishino kunye neMigodi: Iintsimbi zentsimbi zisetyenziswa kwiindawo zoshishino, ezifana neefektri okanye iziza zemigodi, ukuxhasa ukuthuthwa kwezixhobo ezinzima kunye nezixhobo. Zihlala zibekwe phakathi kweendawo zokugcina iimpahla okanye iiyadi, ezidibanisa iindawo zokusebenza ezahlukeneyo okanye iindawo zokugcina.
3. Iindlela zePort and Terminal Tracks: Iintsimbi zentsimbi zisetyenziswa kumazibuko nakwiitheminali ukuququzelela ukuhamba kwempahla. Zandlalwe kwiidokhi okanye kwiindawo zokugcina ukuze kube lula ukulayishwa kunye nokothula iinqanawa kunye nezikhongozeli.
4. IiPaki zomxholo kunye neeRoller Coasters: Iintsimbi zentsimbi ziyinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-roller coasters kunye nezinye iindawo zokuzonwabisa zokuzonwabisa. Banikezela ngesakhiwo kunye nesiseko somzila, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kokukhwela.
5. IiNkqubo zoMhambisi: Iintsimbi zentsimbi zingasetyenziswa kwiinkqubo zokuhambisa, ezisetyenziswa kumashishini ahlukeneyo ukuthutha iimpahla okanye izinto eziphathekayo ngendlela emiselweyo. Banikezela ngomzila owomeleleyo nothembekileyo ukuze amabhanti okuhambisa aqhube.
6. Iingoma zeXeshana: Iintsimbi zentsimbi zinokusetyenziswa njengemizila yethutyana kwiindawo zokwakha okanye ngexesha leeprojekthi zolondolozo. Bavumela ukuhamba koomatshini obunzima kunye nezixhobo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokubangela umonakalo kumhlaba ophantsi.
Iiparamitha
IBanga | 700/900A/1100 |
Ubude bukaloliwe | 95mm okanye iimfuno zoMthengi |
Ububanzi obusezantsi | 200mm okanye iimfuno zoMthengi |
Ukutyeba kweWebhu | 60mm okanye iimfuno zoMthengi |
Ukusetyenziswa | Imigodi kaloliwe, ukuhonjiswa koYilo, ukwenza imibhobho yolwakhiwo, iGantry Crane, uloliwe |
Okwesibini Okanye Hayi | Non-sesekondari |
Ukunyamezelana | ±1% |
Ixesha lokuzisa | 15-21 iintsuku |
Ubude | 10-12m okanye iimfuno zoMthengi |
Ixesha lokuhlawula | T/T 30% idiphozithi |
Iinkcukacha
1. Athini amaxabiso akho?
Amaxabiso ethu axhomekeke ekutshintsheni ngokuxhomekeke kubonelelo kunye neminye imiba yemarike. Siza kukuthumelela uluhlu lwamaxabiso oluhlaziyiweyo emva koqhagamshelwano lwenkampani yakho
nathi ngolwazi oluthe kratya.
2. Ingaba unomlinganiselo ophantsi weodolo?
Ewe, sifuna zonke ii-odolo zamazwe ngamazwe ukuba zibe ne-odolo encinci eqhubekayo. Ukuba ujonge ukuthengisa kwakhona kodwa ngexabiso elincinci kakhulu, sicebisa ukuba ujonge iwebhusayithi yethu
3. Unganikezela ngamaxwebhu afanelekileyo?
Ewe, sinokubonelela ngamaxwebhu amaninzi aquka iziQinisekiso zoHlahlelo / zokuThobela; I-inshurensi; Imvelaphi, kunye namanye amaxwebhu okuthumela ngaphandle apho kuyimfuneko.
4. Ithini i-avareji yexesha lokukhokela?
Kwiisampuli, ixesha lokukhokela limalunga neentsuku ezi-7. Ukuveliswa kobuninzi, ixesha lokukhokela liyi-5-20 iintsuku emva kokufumana intlawulo yediphozithi. Amaxesha okukhokela ayasebenza xa
(1) siyifumene idiphozithi yakho, kwaye (2) sinemvume yakho yokugqibela yeemveliso zakho. Ukuba amaxesha ethu okukhokela akasebenzi kunye nomhla wakho obekiweyo, nceda ujonge iimfuno zakho ngentengiso yakho. Kuzo zonke iimeko siya kuzama ukulungiselela iimfuno zakho. Kwiimeko ezininzi siyakwazi ukwenjenjalo.
5. Zeziphi iintlobo zeendlela zokuhlawula ozamkelayo?
I-30% kwangaphambili nge-T / T, i-70% iya kuba phambi kokuthunyelwa kwesiseko kwi-FOB; I-30% kwangaphambili nge-T/T, i-70% ngokuchasene nekopi ye-BL esisiseko kwi-CIF.